DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.807#0057
§ 1. THE NEOLITHIC STAGE IN CRETE
Minoan Culture in Crete evolved out of Neolithic; Caves and Rock-
Shelters ; ' Bttt and Ben' dwellings; Deep Section at Knossos; Evidences of
High Antiquity ; ' Lower ', ' Middle', and1 Upper ' Neolithic ; Typical products
of ' Middle Neolithic ' phase; Inlaid pottery ; Steatopygous Clay Images ;
Ancestors of Stone types ; Evolution of extended Figures; Aegean and Anatolian
families related—wide Oriental range; Prototypes of Mother Goddess ; Stone
Implements ; Chrysocolla stud ; Primitive Commerce.
'Minoan" The ' Minoan' culture of Crete as defined in the present work has
outgrowth its starting-point in the transitional Age during which the use of stone
of Neo- , & 1 , . . &. . ,11
lithic. for implements and weapons was beginning to be supplemented by that
of copper. But this Chalcolithic phase, more specially referred to in the
succeeding Section as ' Early Minoan I ', was itself to a large extent the out-
growth of the Later Stone or Neolithic Age that had preceded it. It
is, indeed, in many of its aspects still ' Sub-Neolithic', nor can any true idea
be gained of the rise of Minoan civilization without some realization of this
ruder antecedent stage, though the full materials for the study are still to seek.
Materials Neolithic remains, however, are numerous and scattered over a large
lithic'e°" Part °^ Crete, including objects derived from caves, rock-shelters, isolated
phase houses, and settlements. A cave, the earlier contents of which belong to this
adequate. Period, was explored by Professor Bosanquet at Skalses near Praesos in 1902.1
But re- An extensive Neolithic station at Magasa near Palaikastro has been described
wide-S by Professor Dawkins,2 which abounded in stone implements, the ' celts '
spread in being in many cases of the thick stumpy kind usual in Aegean deposits. In
Crete
connexion with this station was a rock-shelter and by it the remains of
a house, consisting of a single course of undressed limestone blocks and in-
teresting as showing a fairly rectangular outline. It is of the ' but and ben '
dwellings, kind, with a small entrance chamber and a larger one within.3 Inside it,
1 B. S. A. viii, p. 235. with some mixed finds on the adjoining plateau
2 B. S. A. xi, p. 260 seqq., and PI. VIII. which he calls ' Campignian', meaning by
3 Uawkins, op. cit., p. 263, Fig. 2 ; cf this ill-chosen name proto-Neolithic. But
Mackenzie, B. S. A., xiv, p. 360 seqq. and some of these, e. g. the obsidian borers,
p. 368. The excavated house-floors found by resemble those from Magasa, others, like the
Monsieur L. Franchet at Trypiti, E. of Candia cores and corresponding flakes, belong to
{Rev. Anthropologique, 1914, p. 294 seqq., and the Bronze Age of Crete and Melos (cf.
Nouv. Arch, des Missions scientifiques, t. xx. Phytakopi, PI. XXXVIII. 19-28). Bosanquet,
f. 1. 1917), contained no evidence of date, and J. H. S. xxxviii, pp. 203, 204, has shown the
belong to a type still in use in Crete and the untenability of M. Franchet's conclusions re-
Aegean islands. M. Franchet connects them garding these remains.
Minoan Culture in Crete evolved out of Neolithic; Caves and Rock-
Shelters ; ' Bttt and Ben' dwellings; Deep Section at Knossos; Evidences of
High Antiquity ; ' Lower ', ' Middle', and1 Upper ' Neolithic ; Typical products
of ' Middle Neolithic ' phase; Inlaid pottery ; Steatopygous Clay Images ;
Ancestors of Stone types ; Evolution of extended Figures; Aegean and Anatolian
families related—wide Oriental range; Prototypes of Mother Goddess ; Stone
Implements ; Chrysocolla stud ; Primitive Commerce.
'Minoan" The ' Minoan' culture of Crete as defined in the present work has
outgrowth its starting-point in the transitional Age during which the use of stone
of Neo- , & 1 , . . &. . ,11
lithic. for implements and weapons was beginning to be supplemented by that
of copper. But this Chalcolithic phase, more specially referred to in the
succeeding Section as ' Early Minoan I ', was itself to a large extent the out-
growth of the Later Stone or Neolithic Age that had preceded it. It
is, indeed, in many of its aspects still ' Sub-Neolithic', nor can any true idea
be gained of the rise of Minoan civilization without some realization of this
ruder antecedent stage, though the full materials for the study are still to seek.
Materials Neolithic remains, however, are numerous and scattered over a large
lithic'e°" Part °^ Crete, including objects derived from caves, rock-shelters, isolated
phase houses, and settlements. A cave, the earlier contents of which belong to this
adequate. Period, was explored by Professor Bosanquet at Skalses near Praesos in 1902.1
But re- An extensive Neolithic station at Magasa near Palaikastro has been described
wide-S by Professor Dawkins,2 which abounded in stone implements, the ' celts '
spread in being in many cases of the thick stumpy kind usual in Aegean deposits. In
Crete
connexion with this station was a rock-shelter and by it the remains of
a house, consisting of a single course of undressed limestone blocks and in-
teresting as showing a fairly rectangular outline. It is of the ' but and ben '
dwellings, kind, with a small entrance chamber and a larger one within.3 Inside it,
1 B. S. A. viii, p. 235. with some mixed finds on the adjoining plateau
2 B. S. A. xi, p. 260 seqq., and PI. VIII. which he calls ' Campignian', meaning by
3 Uawkins, op. cit., p. 263, Fig. 2 ; cf this ill-chosen name proto-Neolithic. But
Mackenzie, B. S. A., xiv, p. 360 seqq. and some of these, e. g. the obsidian borers,
p. 368. The excavated house-floors found by resemble those from Magasa, others, like the
Monsieur L. Franchet at Trypiti, E. of Candia cores and corresponding flakes, belong to
{Rev. Anthropologique, 1914, p. 294 seqq., and the Bronze Age of Crete and Melos (cf.
Nouv. Arch, des Missions scientifiques, t. xx. Phytakopi, PI. XXXVIII. 19-28). Bosanquet,
f. 1. 1917), contained no evidence of date, and J. H. S. xxxviii, pp. 203, 204, has shown the
belong to a type still in use in Crete and the untenability of M. Franchet's conclusions re-
Aegean islands. M. Franchet connects them garding these remains.