DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.28687#0021
THE POTTERY
9
The cards of each section were then divided into
groups having 4, 3, 2, 1 or o types known before
that section, and the same after it. This graded the
sections into order internally. Finally a review of
the range of all peculiar or distinctive types (such
as 5-lipped bowls) was made, in order to con-
centrate the examples of each type as nearly
as might be, for such types were not likely to be
long-lived.
Having thus placed the 100 slips into as nearly
the original order as possible, the whole were
divided into six sections numbered 1 to 6. A com-
plete list of the range of sequence date of each
type was prepared, and the whole was tested by
proceeding to date the remaining 180 graves by it.
If there were many contradictions on bringing in
new material, it would show that the results were
unsound. On the whole series, it was only found
needful to extend the range of 12 types by one
section, of 2 types by two sections and of one type
by three sections. Such few changes out of more
than 250 dated types show that the results are
truly applicable.
20. The most characteristic forms, 64, 89, 90,
though almost always present in most of the series,
are entirely absent from the Vlth dynasty graves,
and are almost extinct in section 6, following the
beginning of Xlth dynasty forms in 5.
Looking at the total absence of the button badges,
which we know to belong to the Syrian invaders
of Vlth—VUIth dynasties, and the characteristic
pottery being unknown in the Vlth dynasty, it
seems probable that there was a cessation of burials
during the Syrian VHth and VUIth dynasties; and
the whole prosperity of the place was due to the
IXth and Xth dynasties, which made their capital
at this centre. The start of the Xlth dynasty types,
94, before the close of the Xth dynasty, is quite
in accord with the record, that the Xth dynasty
continued over the greater part of the Xlth, and
was only crushed, according to Manetho, in the last
q3 years of that dynasty.
We should, then, accept these sections 2 to 4
as belonging to the IXth dynasty, 5 and 6 as of
the Xth dynasty and overlapping the Xlth. For
other pottery of this age, and its preliminary
classification, see Gizeh and Rif eh, pis. xiii a, b, c.
A very typical form (3o) of this age, is the cup
with a stem and foot. It did not begin till well
into the IXth dynasty, and it lasted on to the
close of the Xth.
Lastly, there were several round pits containing
pottery, but no burials, among the IXth dynasty
tombs. The pottery, xvi, 1 to 22, lxiv, 1 to 3, is
obviously Nubian, coarse, black, and imperfectly
baked. It differs from the so-called C-group pottery
by having flat bottoms, instead of rounded. As the
C-group is referred to the Hyksos age (Arch. Surv.
Nubia, 1908—9, p. 5), it seems that this pottery was
an earlier stage of the Nubian ware, contemporary
with the IXth dynasty. As we cannot suppose
Nubians to come in during the IXth dynasty, nor
to cross the Xlth dynasty of the south (over-
lapping the Xth dynasty), it is probable that the
invasion was during the Syrian VUIth dynasty
in the north, surviving into the IXth.
CHAPTER V
CEMETERY 2100.
By Gby Brunton.
21. The work detailed in this chapter was carried
on during four weeks in March and April after
Professor Petrie had left for England. As the site
in general and the main results have already been
described by him, it is only necessary here to give
details of the principal graves found subsequently.
My helpers were Mr. Bach and Mr. Neilson, while
my wife’s time was very fully occupied in drawing'
the objects found, more especially the facsimile
copying of the fine coloured outer coffin of Khenty-
khety, which took nearly a fortnight. The many
models of boats and other objects were photo-
graphed by Prof. Petrie in London. To Miss
Myrtle Broome we are indebted for the copy of
the inscriptions and decoration of the two coffins
of Nekht-kaui.
Close to the cultivation there were a couple of
tombs, 2150 and 2151, with stairways descending
to the west. These gave nothing but parts of an
alabaster table and the bowl pi. lxvi, 1, with scraps
of fine red bowls of Meydum ware, types 7 G and
7P, and the coarse pot with unbaked bottom, 32 G.
These are included in the IXth dynasty corpus,
but are of Ilnd or Illrd dynasty date. The last
contained a quantity of charcoal, suggesting that
these pots were used as braziers.
Some two hundred yards from the camp, to the
north-east, was a large and compact group of
graves of the IXth—Xth dynasty, see pi. lxxxv,
2100, with pottery similar in all respects to that
9
The cards of each section were then divided into
groups having 4, 3, 2, 1 or o types known before
that section, and the same after it. This graded the
sections into order internally. Finally a review of
the range of all peculiar or distinctive types (such
as 5-lipped bowls) was made, in order to con-
centrate the examples of each type as nearly
as might be, for such types were not likely to be
long-lived.
Having thus placed the 100 slips into as nearly
the original order as possible, the whole were
divided into six sections numbered 1 to 6. A com-
plete list of the range of sequence date of each
type was prepared, and the whole was tested by
proceeding to date the remaining 180 graves by it.
If there were many contradictions on bringing in
new material, it would show that the results were
unsound. On the whole series, it was only found
needful to extend the range of 12 types by one
section, of 2 types by two sections and of one type
by three sections. Such few changes out of more
than 250 dated types show that the results are
truly applicable.
20. The most characteristic forms, 64, 89, 90,
though almost always present in most of the series,
are entirely absent from the Vlth dynasty graves,
and are almost extinct in section 6, following the
beginning of Xlth dynasty forms in 5.
Looking at the total absence of the button badges,
which we know to belong to the Syrian invaders
of Vlth—VUIth dynasties, and the characteristic
pottery being unknown in the Vlth dynasty, it
seems probable that there was a cessation of burials
during the Syrian VHth and VUIth dynasties; and
the whole prosperity of the place was due to the
IXth and Xth dynasties, which made their capital
at this centre. The start of the Xlth dynasty types,
94, before the close of the Xth dynasty, is quite
in accord with the record, that the Xth dynasty
continued over the greater part of the Xlth, and
was only crushed, according to Manetho, in the last
q3 years of that dynasty.
We should, then, accept these sections 2 to 4
as belonging to the IXth dynasty, 5 and 6 as of
the Xth dynasty and overlapping the Xlth. For
other pottery of this age, and its preliminary
classification, see Gizeh and Rif eh, pis. xiii a, b, c.
A very typical form (3o) of this age, is the cup
with a stem and foot. It did not begin till well
into the IXth dynasty, and it lasted on to the
close of the Xth.
Lastly, there were several round pits containing
pottery, but no burials, among the IXth dynasty
tombs. The pottery, xvi, 1 to 22, lxiv, 1 to 3, is
obviously Nubian, coarse, black, and imperfectly
baked. It differs from the so-called C-group pottery
by having flat bottoms, instead of rounded. As the
C-group is referred to the Hyksos age (Arch. Surv.
Nubia, 1908—9, p. 5), it seems that this pottery was
an earlier stage of the Nubian ware, contemporary
with the IXth dynasty. As we cannot suppose
Nubians to come in during the IXth dynasty, nor
to cross the Xlth dynasty of the south (over-
lapping the Xth dynasty), it is probable that the
invasion was during the Syrian VUIth dynasty
in the north, surviving into the IXth.
CHAPTER V
CEMETERY 2100.
By Gby Brunton.
21. The work detailed in this chapter was carried
on during four weeks in March and April after
Professor Petrie had left for England. As the site
in general and the main results have already been
described by him, it is only necessary here to give
details of the principal graves found subsequently.
My helpers were Mr. Bach and Mr. Neilson, while
my wife’s time was very fully occupied in drawing'
the objects found, more especially the facsimile
copying of the fine coloured outer coffin of Khenty-
khety, which took nearly a fortnight. The many
models of boats and other objects were photo-
graphed by Prof. Petrie in London. To Miss
Myrtle Broome we are indebted for the copy of
the inscriptions and decoration of the two coffins
of Nekht-kaui.
Close to the cultivation there were a couple of
tombs, 2150 and 2151, with stairways descending
to the west. These gave nothing but parts of an
alabaster table and the bowl pi. lxvi, 1, with scraps
of fine red bowls of Meydum ware, types 7 G and
7P, and the coarse pot with unbaked bottom, 32 G.
These are included in the IXth dynasty corpus,
but are of Ilnd or Illrd dynasty date. The last
contained a quantity of charcoal, suggesting that
these pots were used as braziers.
Some two hundred yards from the camp, to the
north-east, was a large and compact group of
graves of the IXth—Xth dynasty, see pi. lxxxv,
2100, with pottery similar in all respects to that