Egypt Exploration Fund [Hrsg.]: Archaeological report: comprising the work of the Egypt Exploration Fund and the progress of egyptology during the year ... (1899-1900)

34

Progress of Egyptology.

Law.

Capart, J., Revue do VUniversite cle Bruxelles, tome v., sketches a
history of Egyptian criminal law.

Spiegelberg and Max Muller, Or. Lift. Zeit. ii. 364, believe that
beheading was confined to the earliest times and avoided scrupulously
later. This view is contested by Capart ib. iii. 52. Calice, A. Z.
xxxvii. 146, compares Gen. xl. 19 and Herodotus ii. 121.

Archaeology.

Prehistoric.

Dr. H. 0. Eorbes, Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums II., Nos. 3, 4,
has written an important paper on Seton Karr's collection of stone imple-
ments acquired by the Mayor Museum at Liverpool. It is illustrated
with photographs of the leading types and remarkable views of the mines
or workings at the Wady esh Sheikh, in the Eastern desert of Egypt. Of
special interest is the series illustrating the manufacture of flint bangles ;
and the remarks of the editor on the imperfect evidence for the palaeolithic
age of Egyptian and other African implements of "palaeolithic " types are
very important. The position of the locality in which the discoveries
were made is not given, presumably for a special reason. It would be
important to follow up the dispovery of these wonderful flint workings by a
scientific examination of them.

Since Dr. Eorbes' paper was written further evidence has come to
hand from Algeria which seems to prove that the "palaeolithic " types are
really earlier than the neolithic. Implements exclusively of the types of
the Egyptian " palaeolithic" series have there been found in a pond of
moderate dimensions named Lac Kerar, associated with numerous bones of
animals, none of which belong to the present fauna of Algeria. On the
other hand, most of these animals are apparently identical with Sonth
African species ; hut an elephant belongs rather to the mammoth type.
See Boulk, V Anthropologic, 1900, 1.

Our president, Sir John Evans, has printed an address to the Midland
Institute on The Antiquity of Man, with special reference to the Stone Age
in "Egypt.

Petrie, in Journ. Anthrop. Inst., xxix. 295, sets forth an ingenious
method of classifying the contents of graves in order to ascertain their
relative ages. Thus he forms type series to serve for relative dating to
which pottery is the principal key, as pots are not likely to have been
preserved as heirdooms long beyond their date, nor would the forms be