Benson, Margaret; Gourlay, Janet: The temple of Mut in Asher: an account of the excavation of the temple and of the religious representations and objects found therein, as illustrating the history of Egypt and the main religious ideas of the Egyptians (London, 1899)

Metadaten

Benson, Margaret; Gourlay, Janet
The temple of Mut in Asher: an account of the excavation of the temple and of the religious representations and objects found therein, as illustrating the history of Egypt and the main religious ideas of the Egyptians — London, 1899

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Schmutztitel

THE TEMPLE OF MUT IN ASHER

Titelblatt

III

THE TEMPLE OF … The Inscriptions and Translations by

Preface

fesses failure in offering an explanation of itself, … We began our second season in the same mind,

to preserve the names and histories that Egypt had

VII

comprehension of the purposes of the temple and of

VIII

all difficulties ; to Professor Flinders Petrie, who … courtesy made the difficulties of the first year much … constant and experienced superintendence, drew the

The photographs for the most part have been … unfounded theory, can be laid at the door of those

Above all, we should have wished to finish com- … The limits of time and the interruption of work

Contents

TEMPLE OF MUT .... … HISTORY OF THE EXCAVATION.

XII

THE RELIGION OF EGYPT. … THE TEMPLE.........120-130 … EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY, AAHMES TO HATSHEPSUT . 149-176

XIII

EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY, THOTHMES III. TO AY . . 177-210 … TWENTY-THIRD TO TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTIES. . 250-267

XIV

INSCRIPTIONS, PLANS, etc., of the Temple of Mut pre-

List of Plates

LIST OF PLATES. … iv. pylon of seti ii. … VIII. FIG. I.—HEAD OF GOD MIN. … X. GREAT HEAD OF SEKHET . . ., „ 122 … FAMILY "GROUP OF 2OTH DYNASTY . ,, 2^2

XVI

LIST OF PLATES. … To face page … SHRINE OF PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS … PLAN OF

Part I

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The Arab village of Luxor stands on the site of

2 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part I.

chap. I.] THE FOUNDING OF THEBES.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

THE FALL OF EGYPT. … thousand years before, learning such as the priests

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … gramme to carry out, can be expected to go round … Yet a temple which has been built and added to

CHAP, i.] THE TEMPLES OF KARNAK. … Just before reaching this grove the road parts

8 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [pari' r.

THE TEMPLE OF MET.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … lamenting the downfall of the great gods. On the

THE DISTRICT OF ASHER.

THE TEMPLE OE MUT.

On returning to Egypt in 1895, I made application … The contract which was granted reserved by

14 THE TEMPLE OF MET. [part i.

THE EXCAVATORS. … The principle of backsheesh must be determined … Men working in ground that is not theirs, to

(6 THE TEMPLE OF MET. [part i.

more than one or two chips were broken by the … They were singularly amenable from the first, and,

18 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [PART r.

between 6 p.m. and 3 a.m., with the broken sleep … we felt it was still worse to induce them from

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … never managed to obtain—our futile beds of

chap, ii.] CRIMES OF THE DIGGERS. … One fact that our enquiries as to methods of … Finally after much worry we realised that the … with the idea that the head was not an important

THE TEMPLE OF MUT, … word about the gross temptations that tourists put … really by favour, an excavation which is proceeding,

OF COLLECTORS. … In the first case, the loss is mainly to the Govern-

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … had the dignity of a patriarch as he stepped towards

chap. ii.] METHODS OF WORK. 25 … the temple a shout of " Antica " reached us as we

26 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [PART I.

Part II

history of the excavation. … On January 1st, 1895, we began the excavation.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … the head being joined to the figure in such wise

across the breast. … Ptolemaic addition to the gateway, projecting ex-

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

THE FIRST DISCOVERIES. … cartouche is usurped by a king's name, and the … As we turned the corner of the north wall towards … holding his hand about two feet from the ground.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The face was very young and pleasing, the right

AN EARLIER DATE. … but had a trace of colouring still left on necklace

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … On this side also we found a block of fine white

out of place we ranged with the others round the

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The second year the same contract was granted to

iii Doorway of Setnekht. … k Chamber of Ptolemy VII. … 10 Block in Wall, with Relief of Thothmes III. … 21 Reworked Stone, with Cartouche of … PLAN OF THE TEMPLE OF MUT. To face /. 36.

CHAP, iv.] STRUCTURE OF PYLON II. 37

THE TEMPLE OE MUX. … away during the summer. The photograph, which

THE NAMELESS KING. … the upper part of a king's figure. The arms were

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … ette's map, which marks square pillars round the

In clearing the short piece of wall before men- … some different work from the rest, for the figure … all, of those statues which appeared to be in situ

42 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part ii. … might, with the statue of the first year, have given

STATUE OF RAMESES II.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … which is altogether buried, and thus is never able to

If this be so, the work of excavation must lead in

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

By this time the second court was clear, showing … working, but great masses of stone had fallen in … Petrie, usually include small models of tools and … We were advised to dig for these deposits in the

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … dug until we came to virgin earth.

chap, iv.] POSITION OF SANCTUARY.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … to allow one to stand upright. The chamber was … to admit the shoulders or the average person but

AN EMPTY CRYPT.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … to this corner. His thick engirdling wall is of

A CACHE OF … By the end of the morning we had pieces of eight

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … very urgent with us to let the statues be taken to his

nothing more at this time, and came to the con- … to the top of a narrower stone wall ; but this latter

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … that these had to be smashed with an iron crowbar … Our results, including as they did the Piankhy

We all intended to go down the river in the first … He did not as we expected soon get to the end

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The men, full of genuine sympathetic excitement,

CHAP. IV.] THE ARCHITECT OF THE TEMPLE.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … a badly built pier of re-worked stones was exposed,

Plate 5

Photograph by H. B. Gourlay. To ^

chap, iv.] YIELD OF THE BRICK WALL.

the temple of mut. … Our funds were large enough to enable us to

thousand years of ruin had left to it and in some … spot an earlier temple than that we were now … We intended therefore to finish the clearance

64 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part ii. … of the ground simultaneously ; for clearness' sake, … the steep path over the edge of the mound, we saw

Two great masses of black granite had been un- … p. 350). This evidently from the finish of the work

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 6

To face p. 66.

parted in the middle and brought down low in front … With these heads also came out the body of a … and some trace of colouring. The head and figure

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … When we consider that the 1896 excavation

chap, v.] YIELD OF THE THIRD TRENCH. … thoroughly the iconoclasts did their work when … such as a clay mould of the seal of Rameses III.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

THE PTOLEMAIC SHRINE. … shrine to the lake, and on searching for these we … two of reddened sotne, one white with traces of

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … They were however too much destroyed to be of

searched that part of the court where they might be, … in sand and gravelly soil. Many of the stones were

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … variety was common in later times. The breadth

THE INNER CHAMBERS. … In the place marked (g) on the plan, we found … in the attitude in which they adore the rising sun, … All over the temple we found various small and

76 the temple of mut. [part ii.

ASPECT OF THE TEMPLE.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

THE HOPE OF EGYPT. … earthly horizons, as those that watch in the dark-

Part III

the temple of mut.

MULTITUDE OF GODS. … in the habit of going about in the character of … In reality the difficulty of comprehension arises

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … we know that it is the explanation of the Egyptian … The question to be solved is : What causes

which belong apparently to different grades of

84 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iii. … This is strikingly exemplified in the theory of the … effect." Thus, for example, the god incarnated him- … * Professor Wiedemann speaks of the Egyptian " incapacity

difficulties, and for this reason the nation was led

THE TEMPLE OF MET.

OF RELIGION.

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … cosmic forces, or with the abstract deities of the … period of Egyptian history a growing mysticism,

chap. yi.J THREE PRINCIPLES OF RELIGION. … pre-eminent idea, we should say that, as to the Jew

90 , THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part hi. … Moreover, if we look at their functions and the … and their temples chief in Apt. The temple of

temple of Mut in Asher was founded not later than … The approach to the temple, as we have said,

92 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part nr. … The statues are dedicated to Sekhet, Lady of

EMBLEMS OF MUT.

94 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iii.

Plate 8

To /ace p. 94.

Representations of the crocodile god Sebek are

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

shrines and chapels to other deities. But the

THE TEMPLE OF … In considering the significance of the statues in

chap, vii.] SIGNIFICANCE OF STATUES.

100

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … tive, are not at all tokens of thanksgiving. … as "the gift of a sharp countenance," or so refined

101

chap, vii.] THEORIES OF IMMORTALITY.

102

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … recognised code : "I have not been the cause of

103

chap, vii.] ESSENTIAL PARTS OF MAN. 103 … The independence of the Ka is even more obvious

104

104 THE TEMPLE OF MUT, [part iii. … brought by the river from his cavern," which means

105

THE FOOD OF THE KA. … him thus without due cause of complaint.

106

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … This then would be the link between the grosser

107

THE HOUSE OF THE KA. … by repeating them might supply the Ka with all

108

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … foods, scenes and occupations in which the Ka takes

109

THE BODY OF THE KA. … a material basis of the immaterial existence to the

110

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

111

chap, vil] THE POWERS OF THE KA. … if they lived in the same place. So Na-nefer-ka-

112

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … closed in an oblong which represents the false door,

113

chap, vii.] THE LIMITATIONS OF THE KA. … any rate if it is to be comfortable and satisfied ; it is … concerned and he instances that in the story of … though the physical powers of the Ka seem limited

114

THE TEMPLE OF ML'T

115

THE GHOST AND THE KA. … express an idea which is not native to us, the old

116

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

117

chap. vii.] THE SOUL AND THE KA.

118

ri8 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part hi. … Like the wraith, the Double, the ghost, which … As the electric spark is born of the interruption

119

PRAYERS OF THE KA. … " let the king (sel'en) give (de) hetep" The gods are also appealed

120

i2o the temple of mut. [part iii.

121

chap, viii.] LIMITATIONS OF THE GODS.

122

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … alien to the Egyptian, as to all young races. Art … nor that the process takes place within the history of any given

Plate 10

Photograph by Dr. Page May. To face p. 122.

123

OF THE GODS. … As with men, so with gods, the dwelling-place is

124

124 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part hi.

125

the yearning of the rank and file after the easier … Thus Moses would be familiar with the inner rites

126

THE TEMPLE OF MUT … in judgment," the Israelites are commanded, "in

127

to accept. The rod of the priest in the theocracy … cut off on one side, swearers on the other, the roll … wings to carry Wickedness in the ephah into the

128

THE TEMPLE OF MUX. … Again, it is possible that, at the time when the … dwelt at one place ; they passed to others ; they

129

knew no limit of space nor house that could contain … does it come to pass that the Israelites, coming out … and not distinctively moral. This, then, was not the

130

130 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part hi. … that nature preserves, and not the hearts of men, if

Part IV

131

That period in Egyptian history which includes the c Vj£22

132

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … ruled at home with a just and strong hand. The

133

FOUNDATION OF KARNAK. … temple to the companion of the god whose son he so

134

134 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv.

135

chap, ix.] ACTS OF AMENEMHAT. … of a great king, who with one hand welded Egypt … of his work scattered along the whole length of the

136

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

137

TEACHING OF AM EN EM HAT. … " My portraits are among the living, my achievements among

138

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … are not idle boasting, but a simple consciousness of … But it is well worth while to linger for a moment

139

STORY OF SANEHAT.

140

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … the tents of this prince, and they, with Sanehat at … " There is none like him : he is a master of wisdom, prudent

141

RETURN OF SANEHAT. … the prayer, and bade him come leaving all his … him in a moment the ways of all those years of life,

142

THE TEMPLE … strong hand. He crushed the tribes of the " vile … man in my time. When there came years of famine I arose. I … to the widow as to her that had a husband : nor did I favour the … C' 668+~ fortunately been preserved. In the years during … Professor Petrief has excavated these remains of

143

WAY OF USERTESEN. … at Dashur. In it M. de Morgan found the jewel 2622. … content to leave their boats below the cataract, and

144

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … 257^- flood tide of the material prosperity of the dynasty,

145

DECLINE OF THE DYNASTY. … the two short reigns of his son and daughter, … The 12th dynasty ranks with the 4th and

146

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … 2H2. not enter Egypt during the 13th dynasty.* The

147

Of the 14th dynasty our knowledge is even more ^ ^112- … Into a country thus weakened poured the strong- … Hyksos ; the best-known name among them is that of 1738.

148

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … until the prince Seqenen-ra felt himself able to

149

aahmes to hatshepsut. … rank among the great gods of Thebes. It is ques-

150

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … We have mentioned the discovery in 1897 of

Plate 11

stela OF thothmes III. (FIG. 2). late i8tH-DYN. stela (FIG. 3).

151

of Amenhetep I.—but there is such insufficient proof

152

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … the proportions of her face are more regular. Of

153

chap, x.] POSITION OF WOMEN. 153 … life and we are inclined to regard this as a natural

154

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … gamy, inheritance by the female line, and marriage

155

writing, namely, a curious combination of the pro-

156

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Thothmes I. then was in an inferior position as … Towards the end of his reign then, when … tion. | He had one daughter and one son. The … HI. I ' History of Egypt,' vol. ii., p. 66.

157

the rule of the greatest queen who ever reigned. … her nephew and son-in-law with herself on the … Hatshepsut and Thothmes II. also built the main

158

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The systematic clearing of the temple has been

159

CHAP, x.] TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT.

160

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

161

chap, x.] THE EXPEDITION TO PUNT. 161

162

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

163

MERCHANDISE OF PUNT. … giraffe and an elephant.

164

16| THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv. … The temple of Deir el Bahari is the glory of … We have already spoken of the finding of the

Plate 12

To face ft.

165

"director of the directors of works" ; that he was … created a prince, the " companion greatly beloved," … Hat-nefer. " He appears there to have had special … and entitled the royal seal-bearer, the companion, greatly beloved, … with his name, on which he is called "priest of

166

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … " hereditary prince " upon the Mut statue), describes

167

Mistress of the] Sacred Lake, and in order that he

168

THE TEMPLE OF MUT … architecture gives full confirmation of his boasts.

169

years ago, and of the most talented race in the … Rubens s'amusat d'etre ambassadeur." In the

170

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … who has not so far lost the touch of reality but that

171

BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE. … can, to a great extent, realise what appearance

172

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

173

RECORD OF HATSHEPSUT. … thev were for her "great father Amen." and to … nephew. To him she married her second daughter, … daughter of Hatshepsut, to be married to her … recorded that the "keeper of her palace" was her

174

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … When Hatshepsut was about sixty years old she … up by a very midnight of hatred. … W hether it were solely by undisputed right of … malignity he sought to erase all trace of her name … Thothmes attempted to erase her record. Where he

175

ECLIPSE OF HER FAME.

176

THE TEMPLE OF MUT … It may be thought idle to speculate on the affec- … like that of Thothmes no shadow ; and the mahVnitv

177

eighteenth dynasty. thothmes iii. to ay. … the most conspicuous figure in Egyptian history. … Mention has already been made of the ungenerous

178

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

179

chap, xi.] PASSAGE OF MOUNT CARMEL. … file. The king asked advice from his officers, and … But the king, confident and eagerly impatient, … road of Aaruna ; let him of you who wall go on the

180

iSo THE TEMPLE OF MET. [part iv. … Then they said to his Majesty: "As lives thy … even as servants follow their master." Into the

181

chap, xi.] TAKING OF MEGIDDO. 1S1

182

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Metals of various sorts, precious stones, valuable

183

THE CONQUEST OF SYRIA. … southern frontier, were not sufficient to employ the

184

THE TEMPLE OF … The tomb of Pu-am-ra, architect to Thothmes,

185

CHAP, xi.] SEBEK AT THE TEMPLE.

186

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … While the king himself thus added to the temple,

187

OFFICIALS OF THOTHMES.

188

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … upon the gods, he did it all with the same fierce … and a wide empire, but was content to enjoy what

189

which was disputed—was neatly proved by the dis- … than to attempt fresh conquest. Such personal … too he suffered at the hands of his successors, for

190

i9o THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv. … well as the usual petitions for sustenance for his Ka,

Plate 14

To face p. igo.

191

TOMB OF AMENHETEP. … * Lepsius, ' Denkmaler,' iii 63 a, 64 ; Petrie, ' History of

192

TH E TEMPLE OF MUT. … XLibia in the latter part. Nor was he a builder.

193

DREAM OF THOTHMES.

194

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Thothmes IV. married a Syrian princess, according … Egypt as the mother of Amenhetep III., with

195

Under Amenhetep III. Egypt touched the summit … the time of his accession ; his early portraits as king … those of Thothmes the builder of the empire. To

196

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

197

therefore marriage with the princess confirmed her … sentiment. We can well understand from the por-

198

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Three private statues of his reign were found in the

199

chap, xi.] OFFICIALS OF AMENHETEP. … things good, pure and cool." In addition to his

200

THE TEMPLE OF MUT … Even the great black-granite stela of the king had

201

ground, the broad-shouldered Theban hills. Of that … sit, the green corn or the broad waters of the inunda-

202

202 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv. … was of the same race and family as Queen Tyi, and

203

CHAP, xi.] THE FAITH OF THE ATEN. … Akhenaten left Thebes, proscribing the very name

204

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Thou art the sun, thou settest their bounds, … Their breath is shut up and eye sees not to eye, … The land brightens, for thou risest in the horizon, … Throughout the land they do their labours, … How many are the things which thou hast made.

205

HYMN TO THE ATEN. … When thou hast made the Nile beneath the earth, … Oh lord of the land that risest for them. … The land is in thy hand even as thou hast made them : … * Petrie, 'History of Egypt,' pp. 215 ff. Translation by

206

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … way at once, but no king of Egypt could ever … One letter may be quoted as typical of the state

207

[Thothmes IV.] ? The gods of Egypt dwell in Dump. But we … Akhenaten died while yet only thirty-four years of

208

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

209

The " divine father " Ay, who succeeded Tutankh- B c- … Akhenaten. Why he should have obtained the … to assign it to the end of the iSth dynasty. The … high office in the household of whatever king

210

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … desires for offerings. After specifying all the usual

211

With the 19th dynasty we come to the beginning … The dynasty opens with a twin reign. Rameses I., rB,2g'

212

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … of golden rock. The tablet of Abydos, naming a

213

TOMB OF SETI. … In the arid valley of the tombs of the kings Seti … Rameses II., formerly called the Great, is a B-c-

214

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … purposely into the Egyptians' hands, separated his

215

chap, xil] TREATY WITH THE KHETA. … "If an enemy approaches the countries of

216

216 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv. … another ; at Thebes there was hardly one to which

217

WORKS OF RAMESES. … But we have also more personal records of the … f Murray's 'Handbook' to Egypt, p. 784.

218

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 16

Photograph by H. B. Gourlay. To face p. 218.

219

chap, xii.] THE SON OF PHARAOH'S DAUGHTER. 219 … 1S83 have established the site of Pi-tum or Pithom, … Edwards's t observations of the bricks with straw,

220

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … worthy of credit, about which daughter of Rameses

221

THE BOASTS OF RAMESES. … While the Israelites still groaned under the hard … divine honours. He patronised the very gods,

222

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … If the finger had already written on the wall he … lies to-day exposed to public gaze in the Museum … We have, as has been said, an unusual amount of

223

sword" was fifth; the "Beloved of Ptah " was but … on the edge of the Libyan desert which had been

224

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … reverence for the work of his predecessors. The … The archers threw their bows away,

225

CHAP, xil.] A DESTRUCTION OF ISRAEL. … Come far out upon the roads,

226

226 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv.

227

leave to pass that they might pasture their flocks by … Merenptah left no remains in the Temple of Mut … have combined Rameses' power of self-laudation "i

228

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … E.c. \\Z"e Jo not wonder, when the boasts of the family … "68. queen Ta-usert and of the king Siptah, last king … Siptah married Ta-usert ; but as the foundation … Thus this evidence also confirms the idea that

229

PEOPLE OF THE TIME.

230

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

231

In the declining times of the 20th dynasty there … absorbed by the semi-mythical Sesostris. … probable that in these times of internal contention … In these times the gods established their son b.c.

232

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv. … If Set-nekht had been able to restore tranquillity

Plate 17

To face ft. 232.

233

and water before Egypt was victorious. The … If the later temple of Medinet Habu has not the

234

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … the royal family on festal occasions, or for cere-

235

chap, xill.] TEMPLE OF HIS TRIUMPHS.

236

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

237

easily destroyed, and was therefore thrown out of … "son of the doctor and superintendent of recruits of … Mr. Newberry's calculation on the basis of these

238

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 18

To face p. 238.

239

THE RAMESSIDES. … Rameses VI., a son of Rameses III., appears ^ … in his Commission instituted to inquire into the

240

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … of those, called the Xllth, is a wholly fictitious … closed. He contributed a few monuments to Egypt,

241

With the next two dynasties we come in a sense

242

2|2 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv.

243

THE PRIEST-KINGS. … the evidence on the subject, arising from the fact of

244

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … nor her other husband Khonsu-Mes appear to have

245

chap, xiv.] PI-NETEM AT THE TEMPLE.

246

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

247

POSITION OF SHESHANQ. … That their kings did not wholly relinquish the

248

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 19

SEKHET OF SHESHANQ I.

249

chap, xiv.] HIS RECORD AT THE TEMPLE. 249 … " high priest of Amen-Ra" and " general of the … their building activities were mainly occupied in the

250

250 the temple of mut. [part iv. … powers, by the Assyrians on the north and by the

251

KINGS OF KUSH.

252

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

253

Barkal which he placed in the temple there to … raged against them, tried hard to redeem their … down the river to the " Hare-city," and besieged

254

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Such hints were enough for all the cities of

255

refused to yield. It was the time of the inundation, … instincts by a pilgrimage to Ami* (Heliopolis), the

256

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 21

Photograph, by Brugsch Bey. 3 To face p. 256.

257

chap, xv.] HIS SCULPTURES AT THE TEMPLE. … to Thebes with great rejoicing and a heavy tribute … Egypt being virtually in his hands, he had added to

258

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … apparently acted as admiral, and is described as the

259

chap, xv.] SUCCESSORS OF PIANKHY. 259 … had pacified it, for mention is made, in an inscrip-

260

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 23

To face p. 261.

261

ALLIES OF TAHARQA.

262

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Plate 24

To Jace p. 262.

263

SACK OF THEBES.

264

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

265

Thebes " in their due order. On one of the statues … The remains of Mentu-em-hat's work have lono-

266

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … After a few years of apparent quiescence Taharqa

267

THE HONOURABLE MEN. … among the canals, that had the waters round about

268

the temple of … With the downfall of Taharqa, the national life of

269

chap, xvi.] PSAMTEK AND THE GREEKS. 269

270

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

271

FOUNDATION OF NAUKRATIS. … against Asiatic invasion from the east and on the

272

THE TEMPLE OF MET. … little "temple of Ameneritis," in the great court

273

possible. The dating, which would have contained

274

THE TEMPLE OF MET.

Plate 27

To face p. ?74>

275

the son of a high priest and of a sistrum-player of … the 26th dynasty it is probable that the brick wall … the attempted fusion of Greek with Egyptian, and

276

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

277

colossi of Rameses II. which are seated before the … name somewhat indiscriminately on the works of

278

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

279

scattering its inhabitants, and restricted the landing

280

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … slipped back to the dimensions she had at the time … son Psamtek with him as co-regent, and soon after the … tered Egypt, his army guided over the desert route

281

turned a furious madman to wreak destruction on … P"or three hundred years after the conquest of

282

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Three of the Ptolemies made small additions to

Plate 28

To face p. 282.

283

chap, xvi.] THE PRIEST MANETHO. … was chequered, also repaired or added to the gateway

284

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

285

We have but isolated bits of evidence for the … the studied Egyptian work of Ptolemaic times as the

286

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Thebes—that this was, in fact, the first great agent

287

coins of nero. … conclude that the pot was deposited shortly after

288

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

289

is the more complete and correct, therefore pre- … There is still a fourth map, that of Lepsius,* … the position of the pillars of the outer court.

290

THE TEMPLE OF MUT, … of an opening other than a door higher up in the … Burton correctly shows that the parts of the pylon

291

plan, not with that of Mariette. The Ptolemaic

292

292 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part iv. … "'The Temple of Mout," he says, in the ' Monuments of Upper … while. He deprecates the idea that even an

293

chap, xvii.] MAKERS OF THE WORLD. … include the underpinning of walls for foundation-

294

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

Part V

295

Lower part of a seated figure of 6^ [ Sa-Ra- … AMAM 1 tSS» _CT\^ I I I L/VWMJ … * Amen, as a personal name, occasionally occurs as an abbre- … t Professor Erman has pronounced this formula to be un-

296

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The figure and hieroglyphs are very rudely … Fragment of the base of a statuette, inscribed on … * The sem-ipriest, whose distinguishing garment was a leopard

297

Lower part of a group of two figures (husband … a line of hieroglyphs giving the De hetep seten … Lower part of a small seated figure of the

298

298 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … "The divine wife, and great royal consort, Aahmes

299

the six bottom ones alone remaining. These give … Statue of Sen-mut, architect and favourite minister

300

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … (1) " Presented by favour of the Queen, the hereditary prince

301

(5) "The overseer of the garden of Amen, Sen-mut.

302

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

304

304. THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v.

305

(17) "of the gods daily, the chieftainess L.P.H., the steward … On the left-hand side of the statue are fourteen

306

306 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v … (1) " [May she (i.e. the goddess Mut) give] offerings of fine

307

(1) . . . "the chief of the land to its extremity, the steward

308

3o8 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … (5) " [Grant that they may give] a good burial in the western

309

On the left-hand side we read :

310

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Sen-mut was already known to Egyptologists

311

not then in writing—in other words, that he was of

312

3i2 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … magistrate, "not giving to one side [more favour … Standing figure of the \ \ \ " High priest

313

The figure is supported at the back by a slab of … at Gebel Silsileh (see Griffith, £ P.S.B.A.,' 1889, p. 108) is the

314

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

315

Kneeling figure of the IV I " second priest … a short tunic, with the arms resting upon the thighs, … On the upper surface of the pedestal, in front of … * Pu-am-ra, whose statue is here dated in the reign of Hat-

316

316 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … The back of the figure is supported by a slab of

317

Statuette of a ^7)%$^-^ "Superintendent of

318

3i8 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … the wrists. Down the front of the legs are one … * The Princess Ra-neferu was the eldest daughter of Thoth-

319

Upon the right side of the figure is incised … Lower part of a statuette of a j " Super-

320

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Around the pedestal or base are two inscriptions,

321

Statuette of a [£^\ "superintendent of the … the Louvre, dated in the twenty-eighth to thirty-fourth years of

322

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … On the left side of the seat are likewise five … Upon the pedestal or column supporting the

323

titles of Min-nekht: the one, " the eyes of the king … Group of two figures seated side by side on a low … of the middle 18th dynasty. Upon the knees of the … on those of the female v\ ft f^l

324

THE TEMPLE OF MET. … On the upper side of the pedestal between the

325

Statue of the … with the arms crossed over the knees, and in the … the knees are eight horizontal lines of hieroglyphs

326

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Kneeling figure of the %*HA,WVVAl "super-

327

elaborate cornice, and bearing an inscription on … Upon the left side is a similar inscription to Mut,

328

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Statuette of the … * The tomb of Amen-Ken, situated high up in the southern … f The small hard whitedimestone statuette of the " Royal Son "

329

before him a Hathor-headed shrine, upon the top … " All that which appears upon the altar of the Lady … the date of this statuette that the " Tutor of the royal child,

330

33o THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part V, … Squatting- figure of a T ' ' 1 Ji 5 "super- … the left … (Thothmes IV.). Across the front of the legs is

331

Asheru," and (3) to " the cycle of gods of Karnak,''" … Upon the right side of the figure below the knee … principal titles and name of Meryti, T^s^j … Statuette of a ^)| "scribe of recruits," named

332

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v, … I ^ ® " Mut, Mistress of Asher," and … Around the base of the figure are two Dc letep … Upon the pedestal supporting the figure at the

333

pure things" for "the royal scribe and scribe of … Statuette of a *==^ ^\ , c, , " Prince of Thebes,"

334

334 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … Around the base run two inscriptions, both … The first line gives the De hctep seten formula to

335

part v.] FOURTH PRIEST OF AMEN. 335

336

356 THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

337

Seated figure of a "(^ "scribe " named S^T=> s=3 fj

338

the temple of mut. [part v … Two other prayers are given on the pedestal or

339

End of the 18th dynasty. Height, i foot. Lime-

340

THE TEMPLE … r11^ Lljj Hor-men-ka. A chamberlain of Ay … Lower part of a squatting figure of a ?, " royal

341

people upon earth" to worship Amen, Mut and

342

THE

343

Statue of a 0 T ™w> ( [——1 high priest of Amen … Down the front of the legs are five

344

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

345

The statue of Eak-en-Khonsu is of great interest,

346

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … * If Bak-en-Khonsu was made a steward by Seti I. after the … 24th Seti I.—made steward and second priest of Amen. … when in the … Rameses III., whose cartouche is engraved on the Benson statue.

347

might attain the grand old age of one hundred and … * This prayer is given in the inscription covering the lower

348

3+8 the temple of mut. [part v. … the same individuals as represented in No. XXII. … Lower part of a seated figure of a woman (?). The

349

the first are three vertical lines reading : … " to the Ka of the favoured of the place of his heart, … Fragment of the arm of a statue of Uapt, son ot

350

35o THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v, … Ra, king of the gods, general of the soldiers/" … 1. Squatting figure of the | Ir [ "fourth

351

statue is broken across immediately below the knees. … 1q) q ^ Around the legs are in- … "instructor of the priests," j^^Qt^^1"*!11 "scribe

352

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

353

Upon the left side is (11. 1-3) the De hetep seten … all [good] things"; that he was "great of monu-

354

THE TEMPLE OF MUT.

355

The pedestal or base upon which the figure … Around the pedestal at the front and on either

356

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … Reign of Taharqa. Height, 3 feet 8 inches. … and surrounding walls, is in the Assassif not far

357

of granite bearing his name was in the Grant collec- … Nesptah (Priest of Amen) Pa-Khred-ne-Mut.

358

358 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v.

359

Statuette of a … before her a figure wearing the double crown … Upon the right-hand side of the column or pedestal

360

360 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … Statuette of a … Upon the column supporting the back of the figure

361

PRIEST OF AMEN. … Upper part of a statuette of the priest of Amen,

362

362 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … " Priest of Amen-en-apet, [and of the Gods] within … " Mut-urt, Mistress of Asher."

363

On the pedestal supporting the figure at the back … In front of her is a vertical line reading

364

364 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … J^/3 " Priest of Amen-em-apt, … the priest of Amen-em-

365

On the back of the pedestal are given titles (in-

366

366 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … broken off, but the priest ± ^ … of hieroglyphs reading : (2 [ … Fragment of a statuette … This inscription gives the \De hetep seten~] formula

367

the Ka of the Osirian, the " divine father of Amen … Inscribed Fragments of Stelae, etc. … 2. Limestone fragment bearing the inscription

368

368 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … 4. A similar fragment bearing the name of a … priest of the temple of Amen in [Karnak ?] whose … "[Good] god, lord of the

369

" Son of the sun, Thoth- … Inscriptions on the Sekhet Statues. … —" The great god, Lord … Variations of the inscriptions occur, the statues

370

the temple of mut.

371

BLOCKS OF PIANKHY. … the harim boat (Block II., ship 4) 2200; … laden with 60,000, the harim boat with

372

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … J^^^ "turtle-doves." The harim boat con- … ^ I ^® " ox-hide shields ;' (?). In the list of

373

BLOCKS OF PIANKHY.

374

374 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … of the harim boat. It is perhaps some kind … :^s=k (I " the vessel of Amen," and appears to have … Herakleopolis," and — " the great

375

BLOCKS OF PIANKHY. … Over the third :

376

376 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. [part v. … In the row below were likewise two ships. The

377

part v.] BLOCKS OF PIANKHY. 377 … Block III.—From a row of the same scene.

378

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … The upper part of a second row of ships is seen … Block V.—On this mutilated block is seen the

379

part v.] BLOCKS OF PIANKHY. 379 … " the fourth month of the inundation season, the day

Inscriptions, plans, etc., of the Temple of Mut previously published or noted

380

INSCRIPTIONS, PLANS, ETC., OF THE TEMPLE OF … fascicule ier. Translation of the Inscription of the Taharqa … Denkmaler. Lepsius. Plan of the Temple, I. 83. Inscription

Lists of coins found in the Temple, 1895-1897

381

LIST OF COINS FOUND IN THE … 1. Head of Nero to right. nepq • … S. /</««, but head to left. Date … 11. Idem, but head to right. … 13. Idem, but head to left. … 3. Head of Zeus to right, wearing … 6. Head of Alexandria to right, … 7. Idem, of slightly different type … 10. Head of Tiberius to right.

382

382 THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … TIBEPIOZ • KAIZ • ZEBA. Eagle to right. AYTOKPA. Date … Head of Nero to right. Inscription Lotus. AYTOKPA. (Bronze.)

Index and Catalogue

383

Including names and objects connected with the Temple of Mut, and names of … ? Time of, statue XI. … Aahmes. Statue III., pp. 151, 297. Temple attributed to, pp. 29, … Erasures of, p. 201. … ? Statue of, Xo. I., pp. 68, 132, 295. … ? Time of, statues XVII., XVIII.; … District of, p. 8. … ? Time of, statue XIX.

384

the temple oe mut. … King of the gods. … Lord of the thrones of the two … Within the lemple. … Mistress of Ankh-taui. … Representations of, … Fragment of pottery head, 2\ … Chief of the Rekhet. … Lord of Thebes. … Prayers to, on statues IIP, V., VP ,

385

Prayer to, on statue XXI. … Great Lord of Abydos. … Prayer to (Sekhet-aat), on statue … Lord of the Southern An. … Fair of face. … Head of, pi. VIII., fig. 2, p. 30. … Lord of Heliopolis. … Prayer to, on statue XXXI. … Mistress of the two lands (Sekhet- … Sekhet, statue of, p. 245.

386

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … * Kambyses. Destruction of temple, … Offices and Titles t (mentioned on the … Regulator of the regulators of all … Chief of the land to its extremity. … High Priest of Amen. Statues V., … Priest of Amen. Statues V., … f The translations having been abbreviated, some names, offices, etc., given

387

Superintendent of Priests of Mentu … XXL, XXVI. (of Thebes to its … Prince of Thebes. Statues XVIL, … Scribe of the temple of the house … Scribe of recruits. Statue XVI. … Superintendent of the treasury. … Superintendent of the frontier. … Follower of the goddess Mut. … One known to the king. Statue

388

the temple of mut. … Third and fourth Sa of Amen. … Steward of the Usert-khau. Statue … " Philistine," head of, pi. vii., pp. 76, … Stones of shrine, pp. 72, 284 … Statue of (height, 5 feet), pi. XVI., … Wall, time of, p. 217. … Time of, Statue xxi. … ? Restoration of Court B, p. 238.

389

Of Rameses III., p. 236. … ? Tutankhamen. Temple of … Fragments of two heads, … t For pages of statues and stelae see under initial letters.

390

THE TEMPLE OF MUT. … p. 56. Height 3 feet 2 inches. 1 Plans of, facing pp. 27, 36. … Pieces of five black-granite statues, 178, 185, 368. … Fragment 1. Of Aah-mesu. History, pp. 207 f. … ,, 5. Of Antef. Un-nefer. On statue XXXI., p. 366. … Five sculptured blocks of Piankhy. … Time of. Chamber a, pp. 28, 264. Candlestick, \o\ inches.

391

Feathers of Amen, 2f inches. … Terra-cotta, of princess, p. 34. … Head of doll, stone. … Bunch of grapes, blue glaze. … Fragments of figures. … Fragment of military wig, blue

Maßstab/Farbkeil

CHAP, xvi.] FOUNDATION OF NAUKRATIS. 271 … of LibyaE … the king … O I nd on the … ;t time the

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