DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.45047#0140
ΑΤΤΙΚΑ. — MILITARY.
107
In connexion with the rights of citizenship he was
called εγγεγραμμένος who was enrolled as a full-
grown man on a Lexiarchic list. In connexion with
gymnastic drill he was εγγεγραμμένος whose name was
entered at a Gymnasium. Again we have a state-
debtor spoken of by Demosth. adv. Aristog. 771. 6,
Reiske, as εγγεγραμμένος εν άκροπόλει. But our in-
scription being a military one, the εγγραφή in question
must be military also. Who then were there, engaged
in military service, and not being citizens, who could
be designated as έγγραφοι ? We may say at once
that all three of these classes, έγγραφοι, τοξόται, ξένοι,
were foreigners : the question is, how, if the two
former were also foreigners, they could be contrasted
with the third class ? But this, as Bockh says, is no
real difficulty. Just as ξένοι are elsewhere con-
trasted with ξένοι μέτοικοι, or more briefly μέτοικοι;
and just as μέτοικοι simply are distinguished from
the more privileged μέτοικοι ισοτελείς, or more briefly
ισοτελείς ; so here ξένοι, τοξόται, and έγγραφοι are con-
trasted together, although all are ξένοι. They would
seem to be classed in the order of their comparative
dignity : the highest are the έγγραφοι, next the
τοξόται, and lowest of all the ξένοι. Now this
strongly recalls the enumeration of Thukydides (iv.
129) in mentioning the forces sent out on this ex-
pedition : όπλίταις &e χιλίοις εαυτών, καί τοξόταις εξακο-
σίοις, καί θραξι μισθωτοΐς χιλώίϊ, καί άλλοις των αύτόθεν
συμμάχων πελτασταΐς : amongst whom were some
Methonaeans who were ψιλοί (ibid.). To begin then
with the third class : by ξένοι we may understand
those who were not enrolled among the Attic
troops, but were either mercenaries or allies : next
above them in political precedence are the τοξόται,
who seem to have all been sent from Athens, and
though not Athenians, yet were enrolled as among
the Attic troops. We may take these to be archers
levied from among the less noble metoeki. There
remain the έγγραφοι as the most dignified class of
the three. These must accordingly be recognised
amongst the όπλΐται mentioned by Thukyd., ibid.
Concerning the employment of metoeki as hoplites,
see Bockh, Staatsh., i. p. 364, fol., and note. These
foreigners enrolled among the citizen-hoplites may
well, so Bockh conjectures, have been termed έγγρα-
φοι ; that is, ξένοι εγγεγραμμένοι οπλιτών καταλόγω.
Here they seem, by being styled έγγραφοι, to be
contrasted with those foreigners who were not pri-
vileged to serve as hoplites. Since the above was
set up in type, this inscription has been commented
on by Kirchhoff, Corpus, p. 200. He assigns it
to b.c. 425, the date of the taking of Pylos, but on
grounds which appear to me inconclusive.
E e 2
107
In connexion with the rights of citizenship he was
called εγγεγραμμένος who was enrolled as a full-
grown man on a Lexiarchic list. In connexion with
gymnastic drill he was εγγεγραμμένος whose name was
entered at a Gymnasium. Again we have a state-
debtor spoken of by Demosth. adv. Aristog. 771. 6,
Reiske, as εγγεγραμμένος εν άκροπόλει. But our in-
scription being a military one, the εγγραφή in question
must be military also. Who then were there, engaged
in military service, and not being citizens, who could
be designated as έγγραφοι ? We may say at once
that all three of these classes, έγγραφοι, τοξόται, ξένοι,
were foreigners : the question is, how, if the two
former were also foreigners, they could be contrasted
with the third class ? But this, as Bockh says, is no
real difficulty. Just as ξένοι are elsewhere con-
trasted with ξένοι μέτοικοι, or more briefly μέτοικοι;
and just as μέτοικοι simply are distinguished from
the more privileged μέτοικοι ισοτελείς, or more briefly
ισοτελείς ; so here ξένοι, τοξόται, and έγγραφοι are con-
trasted together, although all are ξένοι. They would
seem to be classed in the order of their comparative
dignity : the highest are the έγγραφοι, next the
τοξόται, and lowest of all the ξένοι. Now this
strongly recalls the enumeration of Thukydides (iv.
129) in mentioning the forces sent out on this ex-
pedition : όπλίταις &e χιλίοις εαυτών, καί τοξόταις εξακο-
σίοις, καί θραξι μισθωτοΐς χιλώίϊ, καί άλλοις των αύτόθεν
συμμάχων πελτασταΐς : amongst whom were some
Methonaeans who were ψιλοί (ibid.). To begin then
with the third class : by ξένοι we may understand
those who were not enrolled among the Attic
troops, but were either mercenaries or allies : next
above them in political precedence are the τοξόται,
who seem to have all been sent from Athens, and
though not Athenians, yet were enrolled as among
the Attic troops. We may take these to be archers
levied from among the less noble metoeki. There
remain the έγγραφοι as the most dignified class of
the three. These must accordingly be recognised
amongst the όπλΐται mentioned by Thukyd., ibid.
Concerning the employment of metoeki as hoplites,
see Bockh, Staatsh., i. p. 364, fol., and note. These
foreigners enrolled among the citizen-hoplites may
well, so Bockh conjectures, have been termed έγγρα-
φοι ; that is, ξένοι εγγεγραμμένοι οπλιτών καταλόγω.
Here they seem, by being styled έγγραφοι, to be
contrasted with those foreigners who were not pri-
vileged to serve as hoplites. Since the above was
set up in type, this inscription has been commented
on by Kirchhoff, Corpus, p. 200. He assigns it
to b.c. 425, the date of the taking of Pylos, but on
grounds which appear to me inconclusive.
E e 2