Brugsch, Heinrich: Egypt under the pharaohs: a history derived entirely from the monuments (London, 1891)

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Brugsch, Heinrich
Egypt under the pharaohs: a history derived entirely from the monuments — London, 1891

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Schmutztitel

I

UNDEE THE PHABAOHS

Frontispiz

IV

PORTEAIT HEAD OF A WOODEN STATUE OF AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, CALLED THE SHEIKn-

Titelblatt

Titelblatt

EGYPT UNDER THE PHARAOHS

Preface

VII

The estimation in which Brugsch-Bey's ' History of

VIII

to Brugsch-Bey's present views without altering the … At the same time the whole text has been subjected

IX

Most gratefully do I acknowledge the generous

Contents

XI

List of Kings, with their Cartouches.....xix … Objects of this book—Great antiquity of the kingdom of Egypt— … Thinis, the ancient seat of government—Mena, the first king—

XII

—User-en-Ba—The tomb of TH—Men-kau-Hor—Assa—The … Twelfth Dynasty of Theban origin—Amen-em-hat I.—A period of … Succession of the Egyptian dynasties—Sebek-hotep I. and his suc-

XIII

THE HYKSOS. … against the Zahi—Peace restored to Egypt—Bock-tablet in- … hotep I.—His wars—Tehuti-mes I.—Wars in Asia and the … The king's warlike tendencies—Thirteen campaigns in twenty

XIV

Amen-hotep II. goes to war with the ' Bed Land '—Naharain and the … Habfi—The ' vocal Memnon '—Temple at Kak—Elephantine- … Rising of the Kheta—Short account of that people—List of con-

XV

The Sesostris of the Greeks—Completion of Seti I.'s temple at … Ramses II. a great builder—Inscription near Second Cataract— … Ramses III.—Resume" of his life from the Harris Papyrus—His

XVI

Her-Hor—The Eamessides in banishment—The Ma—Pai-net'em … Zapata becomes a rival capital—Tefnekht—Expedition of Piankhi … Sais becomes the capital of Egypt—Alexandria—Art of this epoch—

XVII

A Family related to Dynasty XIII........ 90 … The Sheikh-ol-Belled.......Frontispiece … Sketch Map of Dynasties....... … „ ,,T -o . I at the end

Karte

XVIII

SKETCH MAP OF DYNASTIES.

Table of the princiapl kings of ancient Egypt, with their cartouches

XIX

TABLE OP THE PRINCIPAL KINGS OF ANCIENT … ,A, … a 2

XX

THE PRINCIPAL KINGS, … a I -!| * Tat-ka-Ea j

XXII

THE PRINCIPAL KINGS, … A gap which comprises more than 500 vears, and during which the time of the Hyksos falls.

XXIII

One goneratiou of heretic kings.

XXIV

THE PRINCIPAL KINGS,

XXVI

THE PRINCIPAL KINGS,

XXVII

•Sf^l Khshaiavsha. (Xerxes the Great) … kllM^I 2 Antherirutsha. (Darius Xerxes)

XXVIII

THE PEINCIPAL KINGS

Chapter I: Introductory

1

THE … It is the purpose of this work to collect what the

2

2 ORIGIN OF THE EGYPTIANS ch. i. … Historical researches concerning a race of mankind

3

that bridge of nations the Isthmus of Suez, to find a … support to this hypothesis, for the primitive roots and … But it is not to Ethiopian priests that the Egyptian

4

4 NEIGHBOURS OF THE EGYPTIANS ch. I.

5

«=' I. VARIOUS NAMES OF EGYPT 0 … pear in the course of Egyptian history as commanding

6

6 DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY oh. i, … Ancient Egypt, commonly called ' the double land,'

7

THE KOMES OE EGYPT … with their chief towns. Thirty centuries later the same

8

8 CHANGES OF DYNASTY ch. i.

9

°h. i. CHARACTER OF THE EGYPTIANS 9 … morous jests and lively sallies of wit, often passing the

10

10 CHARACTER OF THE EGYPTIANS ch. I.

11

oh. i. OPPRESSION OF THE PEOPLE 11

12

12 PREHISTORIC AGE OF EGYPT oh. i. … II. According to the Memphite Doctrine.

13

existed—the Past) .... Dionysos … 7. Horus, son of Osiris (the Coming into

14

parts of the land—the Egyptian priests assigned the

15

it is possible that they are all included under the general … The difference between the extreme dates is enor-

16

of the kings served, and still serves, in spite of its cor- … means of doing so more exactly. The Tablet of Abydos,

17

PEDIGREE OF COURT ARCHITECTS … 1166 TJt'a-Khonsu … 866 T'a-heta I. … High Priests of … King Uasarken

18

all doubt by the inscriptions, and which was a very … A) the exterio^ building containing one or more chambers, generally with painted scenes

Chapter II: Dynasties I-IV

19

THE PHARAOHS OF THE FIRST THREE DYNASTIES.

20

20 FOUNDATION OF MEMPHIS OH. li-

21

B^ i. RUINS OF MEMPHIS 21

22

22 THE NECROPOLIS OF MEMPHIS ch. ii-

23

dxn. i. THE NAMES OF PHARAOH 23 … The management and service of the court, as well as

24

24 THE COURT OFFICIALS ch. ii.

25

Dm i. THE ' HERSESHTA' AND SCRIBES 25

26

26 THE FATE OF MEN A OH. n. … out of its long sleep, like the briar rose in the legend,.

27

byn. i. THE SUCCESSORS OF MENA 27

28

To mention one only, the long medical papyrus

29

dot. ii. LAW OF FEMALE SUCCESSION 29'

30

30 THE FIRST MONUMENTAL KING ch. ii. … Under Necherophes, the first king of the Third

31

dyn. in. JOURNEYS TO THE PENINSULA OF SINAI 31

32

the land of Mafkat,1 and to the sparrow-hawk of Sopt,

33

dot. iv. KING KHUFU OE CHEOPS 33 … According to their ancient custom the Egyptians,

34

34 THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZEII ch. ii.

35

btn. it. STRUCTURE OF THE PYRAMIDS 35

36

manners and of a tyrannical nature, and forced the

37

Dm iv. ANTIQUITY OF THE SPHINX 37 … 2 Serdab is the Arabic word for chapels where the statues of tho

38

38 PYRAMID AND COFFIN OF MEN-KAU-RA oh. li- … 1 The sky. = The earth

39

dot. it. MENCHEKES THE PIOUS 39

40

THE PYRAMID FIELD OF GlZEII

Chapter III: Dynasties V-XI

41

'THE PHARAOHS OF THE FIFTH AND SIXTH … 1 For Table of Kings see p. xx.

42

42 NEFER-AR-EA-RA—USER-EN-RA of. in. … He is the first Pharaoh who adopted a second

43

dtn. v. THE TOMB OF THI 43- … pyramid called Neter-asu, J " J jjL, which means ' the

44

44 THE MAXIMS OF PTAII-IIOTEP ch. hi. … A record worthy of remembrance is preserved in … because of this, the first in thy city ; and if the people know thee on … a man ever leave the coffin after having once entered it 1

45

The last Pharaoh of the dynasty bore the name of … [The Mastabat-el-Farun, first explored by Mariette,

46

:mid of tlie souls,' and further that this Ati was the

47

dyu. vi. INSCRIPTION OF UNA 47

48

city of the pyramids.' By this place is evidently meant … The long inscription from Una's grave enlightens the

49

DTN. vi. INSCRIPTION OF UNA 49 … constructed for this purpose. But the river was found

50

mention noblemen whom this king had distinguished … 'the noblest and most beautiful woman of her time, … the body of Men-kau-Ea in the lower chamber, and

51

tained in the upper one.] … A period of confusion now follows, during which, … like one of his ancestors (his name on the monuments is … The kings to whom Mentu-hotep belonged were of

52

52 THE ANTEFS oh. hi.

53

t>tx. vn.-xi. THE INSCRIPTION OF HANNU 53 … had been first made to the gods, 3,000 men moved the … The first voyage to Ophir and Punt took place in

54

54 THE HOLY LAND OF PUNT oh. hi.. … There seems to be but little doubt that the present … birds. Punt, the ' Holy Land,' possibly represented-by

Chapter IV: Dynasty XII

55

Manetho states that the princes of the Twelfth Dynasty … Amen-em-hat I., [I "Vw-—' 1 with the

56

56 CAMPAIGNS AGAINST THE 'RABBLE' oh. IV.

57

dm. xii. THE STOKY OF SINEH 57 … Amen-em-hat reigned the last ten years of his life in

58

Under his rule the land gradually became quiet, and

59

dtn. xii. THE OBELISK AT ON 59

60

60 INSCRIPTION OF AMENI ch. it. … Let them recite the prayer of the offerings of the dead. … his enemies in the country of the Atu. I went up with him as the

61

byn. xii. INSCRIPTION OF AMENI 61 … My father praised me. After that I again went up (the river) … my days, not even in the years of famine, for I had tilled all the

62

First, there is the difference in the time, which cannot

63

.DYir. xii. TOMB OF MENTU-HOTEP 63 … Peace was in the utterances of his mouth, and the written

64

64 THE WELL AT ABYDOS ch. iv.

65

court, all executed in well-hewn limestone from the … pleasant as a palm-tree. My lord entrusted to me a commission … A stone memorial discovered in Abydos has pre-

66

66 INSCRIPTION OF SE-HATHOR ch. iv.

67

this queen's name appears again in the following … After a reign of twenty-nine years the king asso- … here and there upon the monuments. We may con- … His first virtue consisted in this : that he was a benefactor (5) to

68

in his tomb (7) of the world below (i.e. the necropolis). He made … had suppressed (37) the insurrection, manifesting himself like the-

69

dot. xii. INSCRIPTION OF KHMJM-HOTEP 69

70

70 PKINOE-GOVEENORS OF NOMES ch. iv.

71

din. xii. YEAELY CYCLE OF FEASTS OF THE DEAD 71 … C. Feasts of the Days :—

72

72 ARRIVAL OF AAMU VISITORS ch. iv. … of the Cynopolitan nome, situated to the north of the … Usertsen III. was a name … ao-ainst the inhabitants of the negro-land of Cush, in hopes

73

paigns comparatively far southward, but the complete … with the exception of the ships which are laden with cattle, goats,

74

(Qasr Ibrim), and gives it a distance of 310 Eoman … instituted, which were to be offered yearly on the great

75

i>m xii. THE LAKE MGEEIS 75

76

76 THE LABYRINTH ch. it.

77

Dm xii. DIFFERENT NAMES OF LAKE MCEEIS 77

78

78 DIFFERENT WORKS OF AMEN-EM-HAT III. , ch.„ iv.-

79

and of the jackal-headed guardian.of the dead, Anpu.

80

80 EGYPT UNDEE THE MIDDLE EMPIRE oh. it.. … were established all over the country, and a high tone

81

Bra. xii. THE ADVANCED STATE OF ART 81 … ' Architecture had already made a great step for-

82

82 THE SCULPTURE OF THE MIDDLE EMPIRE ch. iv.

83

dyn. xii. MARTISEN AND HIS SON—THE AKTISTS 83 … opened the age when art was at its zenith under the

Chapter V: Dynasties XIII-XVIII

84

The Tablet of Abydos passes at once from the Twelfth … XVIIth „ of Thebes, 1 „ ? „

85

Without stopping to examine and establish the … XVth dynasty of Hyksos, 6 kings, 260 years.

86

exact epoch of the invasion of the foreigners, so that

87

Dm xiii. LIST OF THE KINGS 87 … 22. Kha-seshesh-Ra Nefer-hotep, son of a certain Ha-ankhf.

88

LIST OF THE KINGS

89

Unfortunately almost all the names are in such, a … place by the help of the Tablet from the Hall of

90

GENEALOGICAL TABLE OF A DISTINGUISHED FAMILY, RELATED TO SOME MEMBERS OF THE THIRTEENTH DYNASTY. … (mother of the king) (queen) | (king) (prince) I I (domina) … (queen) I (king) (king) (princess regent) (princess) [' head of the thirty'] . I (domina) … king) … (royal grandchild) (governor of Eilcithyia) I (princess) … * The asterisk denotes that the bearers of the names to which it is attached were women. … Succession op the Euros. … ! * 29. A),

91

dxn. xiii. THE SEBEK-HOTEPS 91 … Sebek-hotep TV., the son of Mentu-hotep,1 must

92

■92 LIST OF DYNASTY XIII. AT KARNAK oh. v. … For it appears to contain only the names of those … known to us from the wall of the rock-hewn tomb

93

dot. xiii. THE ROCK TOMBS AT SIUT 93

94

94 THE SEMITES IN EGYPT ch. v.

95

witnesses to the glory and riches which permitted men to devote

96

96 THE SETHROITE NOME ch. v.

97

ch. v. POSITION OF MIGDOL 97 … There was Annu or On (Heliopolis), the original

98

98 SEMITIC NAMES OF PERSONS AND THINGS ch. v.

99

terms, like the following: rosh, head ; sar, king ; belt, … spread so widely that it led finally to the formation of … phis, the warlike Astarte had her own temple. Although

100

Contrary to the custom of giving dates according

101

•ch. v. GOVERNMENT OF THE FOREIGNERS 101

102

102 THE KHAR oh. t. … the same whom the Arab writers mention sometimes

103

origin is unknown. The Bashmurite dialect of the

Chapter VI: The Hyksos

104

THE HYESOS.

105

B-ra. xv.-xvn. PEOBABLE DERIVATION OF ' HYKSOS' 105 … Last of all Asseth (or Aseth, Ases, Assis) 49 yrs. 2 months … invented for themselves and assumed it on account of

106

106 TRADITIONS CONCERNING THE IIYKSOS ch. vi.

107

dtn. xt.-xvii. THE EUTENNU 107

108

108 CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING THE HYKSOS ch. vi. … II. These chose as their capitals the cities of Zoan … III. They adopted not only the manners and cus-

109

THE NAMES OF THE HYKSOS KINGS 109

110

Page I. (1) ' It came to pass that the land of Kamit belonged … curred the special displeasure of the tyrant of Avaris, … declared himself prepared for all, but had added a

111

The messenger of Apepi, thus addressed, first an- … his great and chief men, likewise the captains and generals who

112

112 THE REVOLT AGAINST THE HYKSOS ch. vi. … here to see where the land lies open' (nudata castra).

113

GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF THE CAPTAIN OF THE SAILORS, AAHMES. … of the of Amen) … •a … N.B.—The names marked with an asterisk (*) are those of women,

114

114 TOMB OF AAHMES, SON OF BABA ch. ti. … in the city of Nekheb (Eileithyia). My father was a captain of the … ' (15) They besieged the town Sherohan in the year VI. His

115

DOT. sv.-xyii. CAPTURE OF AVAPJS 115 … their herds. I carried off a living prisoner and brought him to

116

116 THE TAA oh. vi.. … ' (40) Now I have lived many days and have reached a grey old … which the Abbot Papyrus strengthens.1

117

byn. xv.-xtii. COFFIN OF QUEEN AAH-HOTEP 117

118

118 ALLEGED HATRED OF THE HYKSOS oh. vi.. … It is to the Theban kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty

119

-dyn. xv.-xvn. ERA OF KING NUB 119

120

120 DATE OF THE EXODUS cr. vi.

121

Dm xv.-xvn. TOMB OF BABA AT EL-KAB 121 … It must be remembered that in the days of the … sisters loved me. I went out of the door of my house with a benevo-

122

recognise a general way of speaking in the narrative … ' Governor of the district of the place of life.'

123

btn. xt.-xvii. THE TALE OF THE TWO BROTHERS 123 … The Tale of the Two Brothers in the D'Orbiney … seed corn from the, village ;' and the young brother found the … been to me like a mother, and thy husband like a father, for he is … time, then will I not tell it this time, and no word of it shall come

124

When it was now evening, the elder brother returned home to … And the lamp was not lighted, so that the house was in darkness. … thy elder brother like a father to thee ? " Thus I spoke to him, but … closely allied that one is almost inclined to suppose a

125

of the seat of justice, of tlie infantry, of the beer cellars,

Chapter VII: Dynastia XVIII

126

The dominion of the Hyksos of necessity gave rise to

127

GENEALOGICAL TABLE OF THE PHARAOHS OF THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY AND THEIR WIVES. § … i a … Note.—The names marked by an asterisk are those of women. Queen Hatshcpsu is not numbered in the series, as she was not ^7,

128

128 TOMB OF AAHMES PEN-NUKHEB oh. to.

129

ciently protected the eastern frontier of the low- … the monuments, by the side of Aahmes there appear,

130

mountains, to obtain limestone for the building of the

131

oblivion on the walls of the Theban temples, but the … great ancestress of the New

132

On several monuments she is represented with a black … According to all appearances Amen-hotep was a

133

the brave warrior Aalimes the son of Abana took part … He had by his consort Aah-hotep a son, who was his … His name, written by the Greeks Thotmosis, means

134

134 WAR WITH THE LIBYAN TEIBES OH. ra. … ' Tehuti-mes I. had taken possession of the throne of Horus, in

135

' Peace is now there, because the inhabitants of the southern lands- … 1 Possibly an allusion to the great bend of the river at Gebel Barkal.

136

136 SONG OF THE NEGROES oh. to. … Hail to thee ! king of Egypt, | Sun of the foreign people ! … It puts to shame the peoples. … It may be as well to say a little about these

137

Dra. xviii. THE TWO ROADS IXTO ASIA 137

138

places for the allied kings. … Trade and art went hand in hand. The descriptions-

139

In the conduct of war also their Asiatic neighbours … the works begun by his forefathers at Karnak.

140

of their father, Tehuti-mes. The elder was already able … After the death of his father the eldest son,

141

dys. xviii. THE TEMPLE AT DEIR-EL-BAHAPJ 141

142

reposed near their parents the princess Kheb-neferu-Ka, … The first deed of the new woman-king shows her

143

dyx. xviii. EXPEDITION TO THE LAND OF PUNT 143

144

144 ARRIVAL OF THE EGYPTIAN FLEET oh. tii … whose feet stately herds of cattle peacefully reposed.

145

bxn. xviii. THE PRODUCTIONS OF PUNT 145

146

146 RETURN OF THE EGYPTIAN FLEET oh. tii. … to the shore by the natives. Six men toiled under the

147

byn. xviii. HATSHEPSTJ AND THE PRINCES OF PUNT 147 … not the slightest doubt upon this point. … Aamu-timber, ivory, paint for the eyes, ' kash ' (?), and

148

148 FEAST IN HONOUR OF AMEN oh, vn-

149

Hathor, in which the king of Punt and his nobles _took

150

time between the two months; consequently, the

151

dyn. xviii. CLOSE OF HATSHEPSU'S KEIGN 151

Chapter VIII: Dynasty XVIII - continued

152

(The Alexander the Great of Egyptian History.)

153

The records of this Pharaoh's wars were carved in

154

the Egyptian frontier in the month of Pharmuthi, pro-

155

' (26) They spake before the king : " How would it be, to force

156

156 THE BATTLE OF MEGIDDO oh. ttii. … Fragment 3.—'(1) Aa-lu-na. The rear-guard of the brave … morrow morning, because . . . ." (13) assembled at the tent of

157

dyn. xviii. ESCAPE OF THE KINGS 157 … the people had barricaded the town itself on account of [the deeds … without into this town, oh that the warriors of the king had not … which had been made in the land of the Asebi (Cyprus), were made … in gold and silver, and [all other things]. Then spake the king :

158

158 TRIBUTE OF THE CONQUERED PRINCES ch. tiii. … costly inlaid work, fine cloth, and armour. The princes

159

btn. xviii. THE KING'S TRIUMPHAL RETURN 159

160

160 THE FEASTS OF AMEN AT THEBES ch. viii. … tops. The broad surfaces served to receive the records … Another inscription, still fairly preserved, gives a … The king dedicated to the god rich presents and

161

byn. xviii. A CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE EUTHEN 161

162

162 SOME OF THE CONQUERED PEOPLES oh. viii.

163

urn xvin. TOMB OF AMENEMHEB 163 … Then when his Majesty went to the land of Naharain (5) I … (8) Again I fought hand to hand in that campaign against the … vants. He took (14) Kadesh. I did not remove from the place … ances, on account of the strength of [his] arm [. . . land . . .]

164

(19) Again I admired his strength against the land of Takhis,. … (22) Again [I admired] another extraordinary deed, which the

165

king Amen-hotep II. (may he live for ever !) (39) placed in the seat … ' I know thy worth. I lay still yet in the cradle as [the child]

166

166 LIST OF THE KING'S CAMPAIGNS ch. Yin. … 29 V. The points of attack were the towns of Tunep … 30 VI. Against Ruthen. The cities of Kadesh, Semyra, … memorial stones were set up at the river. … 32 VIII. Against Ruthen, for the levying of the war-tax … Against the land of Zahi. … Zahi brought under tribute; likewise the island … 39 XIV. Against Ruthen. The Shasu-Arabs and the … According to this the hostile towns were summoned

167

tages, and increased demands. With regard to the … campaigns to the South in person. The inscriptions

168

168 FAUNA AND FLORA OF CONQUERED NATIONS ch. yiii. … temple of Amen, as a memorial for all times.'

169

bxn. xtiii. THE 'HOLY LAND/ ARABIA 169 … ever living. | I shine in the light of the morning sun through … power and victory over all lands. | All people shall feel a

170

170 A HYMN OF VICTOEY OH. viii. … annihilated as far as the horizon. | They come and bear the … I make them behold thy Majesty like the beaming (sun). … Thou madest prisoners the shepherds of Euthen. … How thou graspest the weapons on thy war-chariot.

171

Dm xtiii. A HYMN OF VICTOBY 171 … I make them behold thy Majesty as the avenger, … My hands in the height of heaven ward off misfortune : … A great gate [guards against the entrance of the impiousj. … Therefore I place thee on the seat of Horus for never-ending

172

172 OCCUPATION OF THE FOREIGN CAPTIVES oh. Tin.

173

dyn. xviii. PICTURE OF BRICK-MAKING AT THEBES 173

174

174 GIFPS TO THE TEMPLE OF AMEN oh. viii. … construct numerous gates (sebkhet), with locks of copper

175

Bra. xviii. ENDOWMENT FOR THE TEMPLE OF AMEN 175 … The king found it in the form of a brick building, in a very

176

176 DIFFERENT PARTS OF TEMPLE OF AMEN ch. viii.- … ' He gives to thee his kingdom. The crowns shall be placed on … This building, which was executed in his temple, shall be a

177

dyn. xviii. THE KING'S NAMES AND TITLES 177 … ' God Amen is more enraptured with me than with all the kings

178

(39) [(in this my name) (the first) : Strong Bull cbowned in

179

dm. xvm. THE FOUNDATION OF A TEilPLE 179

180

180 THE HALL OF PILLARS AT KARNAK ch. tiii.-

181

DiNi xviii. THE STATUES AT KAENAK 181 … [The lord of the land and] King Tehuti-mes III., the worshipper

182

By the side of her father is the small image of … This statue was re-erected in good condition in the year [22 of … [Because no one] has provided new stone to cover the building

183

of her father and of her ancestors in Apet. The … caused to be erected on the territory of the ' great … In conclusion, we will only remark upon the re- … He erected this memorial-building to his father, the king of the

184

numerous buildings and works of art, which adorned

185

In the neighbourhood of the Second Cataract, on … the temple which rose on the island of Elephantine, a

186

186 OTHER BUILDINGS OF TEHUTI-MES III. oh. vm..

187

This will explain the following inscription. It is … lying clown, of silver, gold, blue stone, black metal, and all kinds of

188

188 THE INSCRIPTION OF NEJ3-AIU ch. vin. … I teach the priests what is their duty: I turn away the ignorant

189

among his great court officials. (8) I had to look great in the … (17) Call upon those, who live there (IS) on the earth, on the

190

190 ADDITIONS TO THE TEMPLE AT ON ch. tiii. … I. ' The king has raised these immense obelisks to Amen in

191

Dm xvni. INSCRIPTIONS IN PENINSULA OF SINAI 191 … ti-mes III. was the first who cut obelisks vividly re-

192

192 SUMMARY OF THE KING'S REIGN ch. viii.. … to be found throughout the land of Egypt. … (Note.—All the ensuing regnal years date from this day … 5 On 1st Tehuti : Date of a papyrus at Turin. … Inscription at Sarbut-el-Haclim of the time of the joint … 22 Restoration of the statues of Amen-hotep I. and Tehu- … 24 On 30th Mekhir: Laying of the foundation-stone of a … The King's Second Campaign. … 42 On 22nd Tehuti: Restoration of the statue of Tehuti-mes I.

193

dyn. xviii. SUMMARY OF THE KING'S REIGN 193 … 47 The Temple at Heliopolis enclosed by a wall. … 54 On 30th Phamenoth: Death of Tehuti-mes III., after a

Chapter IX: Dynasty XVIII - continued

194

It is a difficult and dangerous position to be the

195

those leagues of the towns spring up, which sought by … us to learn, in spite of its lacunas, the war against

196

196 INSCRIPTION IN TEMPLE OF AMADA ch. ix.

197

position, according to the command of his father, the sun-god Ra, … The building and extension of the temples in Egypt

198

artistic perfection of the sculptures, or for the import- … On his memorial tombstone, now in the British … he accompanied the king on his campaigns against the people of

199

»sw. xviii. THE SPHINX 199

200

200 INSCRIPTION ON THE SPHINX oh. ix. … On one of these days it happened, when the king's son Tehuti- … father Horemkhu, Kheper, Ea, Tmu. The kingdom shall be given

201

■and he understood (the meaning) of the words of the god and laid … ' mother in the boat.' We are led to the conclusion

202

left behind him. Among the scarabsei which were … ardent sportsman, and to have been trained in the

203

LIST OF CAPTIVES … Total of living heads … In these campaigns the kings remained true to the … races mentions names the majority of

204

204 INSCRIPTION OF AMENHOTEP cji. ix. … in the island of Biggeh, in the midst of the First

205

Dm xviii. THE 'KING'S SON OF CUSH' 205

206

206 THE COLOSSAL STATUES OP THE KING ch. ix. … raised an immense gate-tower (propylon), erected a

207

* the king had mounted his horse to reach the extremest bounda- … and directions, for he understood how to direct and guide the

208

208 THE VOCAL MEMNON oh. ix. … The temple, now in ruins, was carried out according … cooling during the night, emit at sunrise, as soon as

209

dyn.'xyiii. AMENHOTEP THE AKCHITECT 209

210

210 THE TEMPLE OF KAK oh, ix,

211

"a. xviii. deie-el-med1neh 211 … whom the king of [your] land will reward ; your [.....]. Your … penance for it (18) with their bodies. But if they obey all the

212

212 THE TEMPLE AT ELEPHANTINE ch. IX- … the reading over of the catalogues of the tributes of the thirtieth

213

PXjs-, xrin. THEFTS AT THE KING'S COKONATION 213 … eight ornaments......they drew (or rather, they sucked) the … thirty-five j^ears. The two rock-inscriptions at

214

taining of the ' green stone' called maf kat, while an … some of whose names are preserved by the monu-

Chapter X: Dynasty XVIII - continued

215

THE HERETIC KINGS. … ' the long-lived prince of Thebes,' or, according to the

216

216 INTRODUCES WORSHIP OF THE ' SUN'S DISK' ch. x. … hatred against the priests of Amen, the king issued … and erected, according to the plans of the king, a

217

dyn. xviii. THE NEW CAPITAL, KHTJ-ATEN 217 … Net'em-mut, were executed in great splendour near the

218

218 TOMBSTONE OF THE ARTIST BEK OH. x.. … may march out to all places, in favour of the artist of the king, and … ' That " he may grant me to drink wine and milk," and that " the … Another master, who did not hold such a high office'

219

MX. xviii. THE 'CHIEF PKOPHET' MERI-KA 219

220

220 A PRAYER TO THE SUN'S DISK ch. x. … like manner as thy setting. Thou, 0 God, who art in truth the

221

dxn. xviii. A HYMN TO THE SUN'S DISK 221 … Grant to thy son, who loves thee, life in truth, to the lord of the

222

222 FAMILY OF KHU-N-ATEN ch. x.

223

Thereupon King Khu-n-aten swore an oath by his father thus : … There is some difficulty about the conclusion, for a

224

224 TRIUMPHS OF THE KING ch. x.

225

who with their long fans wave the cool air upon their

226

226 visit or a negro queen oh. x. … the husband of the princess Mer-aten, disappeared … ' the living image of Amen,' the royal husband of the … As if to enhance their joy, the princes of the land

227

dyn. xviii. PEODUCTIONS OF FOREIGN ART 227

228

228 THE HOLY FATIIEE AI OH. x.

229

until he at last held the highest offices. He was … king for the country, and at the same time to have

230

230 KING HOR-EM-HEB oh. x.

231

While he was yet carried as a suckling in arms, both old and … After this he was also named Adon of the land.

232

232 IIOE-EM-IIEB'S TITLES AS KING ch. x. … his pleasing form, and placed herself before him. And all the … 3. As Golden Horus, who rests himself on justice, the up-

233

4. As King Ser-kheperu-Ra, who is elected by the sun-god : … ' He set them up in their temple, and he had a hundred images

234

of Amen. Thus it was possibly Net'em-mut, afterwards

235

dm. xviri. CAMPAIGNS INTO THE STjDAN 235 … shoulders, put themselves in motion, with the trumpeters

236

236 LENGTH OF IIOR-EM-IIEB'S REIGN en. x. … In the 21st year, on the first day of the month Paoni, they stood … However insignificant this formless piece of lime-

Tafel_I

GENEALOGICAL TABLE OP THE RAMESSIDES. … Sons: Amenhi- Ainunhi- Ea-messu Prahi- Khamus Menthuhi- Nebenkhal Meri- Setemua Seti Sotep- Mira Horhi- i. Menep- Hotephima = Isi-nefer* Ampn a+ f „,. ' … The Quean T/te Queen The Queen … Note.—(1) The Nos. show the succession of the kings. (2) The Names with * are those of women.

Chapter XI: Dynasty XIX

237

The death of King Hor-em-heb closed the Eighteenth … 1 For Table of Kings see p. xxiii.

238

.238 RISE OF THE KHETA ch. xi. … the Assyrian inscriptions.

239

*W. xix. THE BATTLE OF EADESIT 239

240

Askalon and Astaroth-Karnaim, as well as in the Syrian-

241

223. A-sitha … 263. A-thini … 283. A-anreka … we possess no information from the

242

KING SET1 I. … maid-servants from the … The great national … PLAN OF OREAT TEMPLE AT KARNAK. … K. Columnar Edifice of Tchuti-mes III. L. Temple of , -, n , , n … Ancestors, splendour of which is

243

byn. sax. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE BEDAWI 243 … make good their claims derived from the Hyksos. The

244

THE KING'S LINE OF MARCH

245

THE CAPTUEE OF KADESH

246

DEFEAT OF THE KHETA

247

TRIUMPHAL RETURN OF SETI I.

248

248 LIST OF THE CONQUERED NATIONS ch. xi. … 5. Singar, the city and the land of Singara, the Sinear of Holy … 7. Kadesh, in the land of the Amorites. … Pa-Hir (Hil), Galilee ? or Hali in the tribe of Ashur. … That the wars of the king did not take place only in … 3. Makita, i.e. Megiddo; 4. Ha......; 5. the

249

WAK "WITH THE LIBYANS … ' Hail to thee ! mighty is thy name, glorious thy renown. The … us freedom out of thy hand !'

250

THE QUEEN TUT

251

»ra. xix. RAMSES II. ASSOCIATE KING 251

252

CAMPAIGNS IN THE SUDAN

253

dm. xix. THE BUILDINGS OF SETI I. 253

254

the dead, Osiris and Hathor, besides Amen and his … leaving a trace, their former existence is most surely

255

»W. xis. A WELL MADE IN THE DESERT 255

256

keeping up of the temple and the worship of its deities, … King Seti did this for his memorial for his father Amen-Ea and

257

THE TEMPLE AT ABYDOS … TEMPLE OF SE'l'I I. AND IIAMSES II. AT ABYDOS.

Chapter XII: Dynasty XIX - continued

258

This is the king who above all others bears the name

259

caused his portraits to be made, and fixed the revenues set apart

260

the ground, and with their hands they prayed to the king. They

261

■bin. xix. INSCRIPTION IN THE TEMPLE AT ABYDOS 261 … When [this speech] from the lips of the princes before their lord

262

the places of the granaries. … in the deep like Osiris, while I rule like Ra among men (and … succeed according to my intention. I dedicated to thee the lands of … well pleasing to the heart, and I apportioned to thee the tributes

263

house. I gave thee herds of all kinds of cattle to increase thy … long as I stay on earth, I will offer a sacrifice to thee. My hand … ' Gome, speak to Ea [that he may grant long years] of life to his … temple. My heart beats for thee ; I will be thy guardian for the

264

264 COMPLETION OF THE TEMPLE AT ABYDOS cu. xn- … In the course of his long reign Eamses II. completed … in their effigies the entrance of the pilgrims at the

265

OTN. six. WAR 'WITH THE KHETA 265 … This heroic feat was the theme of the celebrated

266

266 THE BATTLE OF KADESH oh. XH- … the head, or with high caps such as are still worn at

267

DW. six. PICTURE OF THE BATTLE AT ZAENAK 267

268

1 We are brothers, who belong to the chiefs of the tribes of the … And Pharaoh went further downwards, and came to the region … numbers from all countries which are situated in the territory of

269

sand. They stand there behind the town of Kadesh, the wicked. … (39) and took his arms, and appeared like the god Baal in his … (43-44) ' I swear it as truly as the Sun-god loves me, as truly

270

the poem the peculiar cast of Egyptian thought is … ......His courage is firm like that of a bull which seizes [the … Wise is his counsel. Complete are his decisions, when he wears the … who came near to bow themselves before the king. And his war-

271

dyn. xix. THE POEM OF PENTAUR 271 … possessions, to give it to the people who accompanied him to the

272

272 THE POEM OF PENTAUR ch. xii. … of horses, and his retreat was beset by the bravest heroes of the king … And not one of my princes, not one of my captains of the … ments, that I have filled thy temples with my prisoners of war … a willing heart; therefore I call on thee. Behold now, Amen, I

273

kot. six. THE POEM OF PENTATJR 273 … thy father, the sun-god Ra. My hand is with thee. Yes ! I am … All this came to pass. I was changed, being made like the god … There stood still the miserable king of Kheta in the midst of his

274

274 THE POEM OF PENT AUK ch. xii. … down and every limb of his body. They could not aim either the … pairs of horses surrounded me, his courage left him, and his heart … remain in your villages and in your towns. Neither the captain nor

275

Dra. xix. THE POEM OF PENTAUB 275 … named like Mentu of the victorious arm, and that Amen my … full of astonishment at what I had done. My princes came forward … ' How wast thou, great champion of firm courage, the saviour

276

276 THE POEM OF PENTAUE ch. xn- … hearts that I was a rampart of iron to you ? Will any one obey

277

dxn. xix. THE POEM OF PENTAUR 277 … And they remained afar off, and threw themselves down on the … Then the king of the hostile people of Kheta sent a messenger to … earnest and hast slain hundreds of thousands. Thou eomest to-day,

278

278 THE POEM OF PENTADR OH. xn.

279

the battle against the town of the hostile Kheta at the head of his

280

280 CATALOGUE OF PRISONERS ch. xii. … glory to all the nations who know not Egypt.' … themselves in sea-fights with the most powerful maritime

281

dxn. xix. ALLIANCE WITH THE KHETA 281

282

282 TEEATY BETWEEN THE KING OF EGYPT ch. xii~ … To wit, in the time of Mau-than-ar, the great king of Kheta,, … Never let enmity rise between them. Never let the great king

283

Dm six. AND THE KING OF THE KHETA 283 … incur] the wrath of Ra-messu Meri-Amen [the great prince of Egypt. … their . . . that he may be given for them (?) to the lord, and that … [If servants shall flee away] out of the territories of Ra-messu

284

284 TREATY BETWEEN THE KING OF EGYPT OH. xii.

285

Dm xix. AND THE KING OF THE KHETA 285 … But he who shall observe these commandments, which the … eyes, nor on his mouth, nor on the soles of his feet], so that thus no

286

286 MARRIAGE OF RAMSES II. ch. xii.

287

his master to be decorated with a gold necklace as a … ■of Ethiopia and Libya in his campaigns into the interior

288

288 THE NUBIAN GOLD MINES oh. xii.-

289

the divine benefactor, the lord of the south land, the radiant Hut-

290

As soon as they had been brought before the divine benefactor, they … an Adon of this land. Thou didst act with wisdom when thou didst … thy knowledge. Thou wast raised to be an overseer (Rohir) of this

291

were not successful. (21) King Seti I. also did the same. He had … fathers the gods love thee more than all kings (23) which have been

292

292 WELLS IN THE DESERT ch. xii.

Chapter XIII: Dynasty XIX - continued

293

The name of Eamses II. has come down to us as that … I have given thee strength and might and the power of thy arm

294

294 INSCRIPTION AT THE SECOND CATARACT ch. xiii- … calves without end; all their sacrificial meat is provided, to the

295

According to this Eamses II. had erected the whole … succeeded in raising it. The statue had become en-

296

The family of Amen-em-an plays an important part … Like Abydos and Memphis, Thebes was also the … that magnificent rock-temple at Abu Simbel the facade

297

GENEALOGY OF AMEN-EM-AN", THE ARCHITECT OF THE CITY OF RAMSES. … Leader of … of Amsu … The eldest … of Amsu … in the temple … of Amen … King's son … Chief Priest Architect Leader of the … of Anhur Leader of … of Amen … King's son of

298

Heliopolis, and to the new divinity Karases Meri-Amen. … and went up to the old capital of the empire to celebrate

299

dttt. xix. THE TEMPLE-CITY OF ZOAN-TANIS 299' … in the proper sense of the word, the hey of Egypt.

300

300 THE LETTER OF PANBESA OH. xin.

301

dtn. xix. THE PHARAOH OF THE OPPRESSION 301 … Thebes ; here he had received the embassy of peace

302

people in the north, in order by this prudent measure … by their native names. The letters and documents of

303

The young Egyptian world, satiated with the tradi-

304

304 A LITEEAEY CRITICISM ch. xiii. … (Berytus), Ziduna (Sidon), and Zareptha (Sarepta). Where are the … gone to the land of Thakhis, to Kafir-Marlena, Thamnah (Thimnah),

305

dxn. xix. A LITERARY CRITICISM 305 … Make to thyself a name among the champions and the knights

306

306 A LITERARY CRITICISM oh. xiii. … Explain thou (to me) thy relish for the champion ! … The iron-workers enter into the smithy ; they rummage in the

307

dyn. xis. A LITERARY CRITICISM 307 … and clear, like the spring-water of the god Mentu. It matters … know the goal that he wishes to reach, and one who reaches it ?

308

308 THE FAMILY OF KAMSES II. OH. xiii.

309

dyn. xix. THE HEREDITARY LORD BEKEN-KHONSU 309 … The list of contemporaries of Eamses II. is consider- … in his ways. I performed acts of piety within his temple. I was a … 1 was for four years a very little child. For twelve years (3) I

310

BUKIAL PLACE OF EAMSES II. … Beken-Khonsu was a little child … A boy, and at last official of the … Priest of Amen .... … Holy father of Amen … Third prophet of Amen . … Second prophet of Amen . … Eirst prophet of Amen … The body of Eamses II. was laid in his sepulchral

311

A careful examination of the monuments shows

312

IERUPTION OF THE LIBYANS … Thus had it been (10) [until the day when King Meneptah]

313

"the Sh]ar-dana, the Sha-ka-li-sha, the A-qa-ua-sha, the Li-ku, the … Then his Majesty was enraged against them like a lion, (16) … king, let them remain on (their) ground and soil, and go to the … [to this, to fill] their belly [with] my property, just like the fisher-

314

314 THE BATTLE OF PROSOPIS oh. xiii. … mated by a great manly courage, (36) [he fled like a woman. Then

315

Dm xix. THE ALLIES OF THE LIBYANS 315

316

service, partly in Egypt and partly in Libya. In the … done, with the Achseans, Sardinians, Siculi, Etruscans,

317

dot. xix. RELATIONS WITH THE SHASU 317 … with the inhabitants of Gaza, a constant intercourse- … anew under Meneptah II., but in a manner alike peace- … On this subject an Egyptian official makes the

318

318 THE PHARAOH OF THE EXODUS OH. xni. … As Eamses II. must be regarded as the Pharaoh

319

Dm xix. TEOUBLOUS END OF HIS REIGN 319 … thought of the Hebrews.

320

Panbesa, we have completed the cycle of literary names … a special distinction, inasmuch as he is frequently

321

part of the priestly guild of Thebes. Eoi, the high- … AU that we are able to say of him can be condensed

322

322 THE ANTI-KING SIPTAH ch. xiii. … and health, to the person of the king's envoy into all lands, the com-

323

OTN. six. AKISTT, THE PHOENICIAN USURPEK 323 … performed as king of men. … Other times came on afterwards, during years of scarcity. Arisu,

324

END OF THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY oh. xm. … of Sculpture. K, Sculp- … PLAN OF THE RAMESSETIM

Tafel_II

GENEALOGICAL TABLE OF THE ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE DYNASTIES XX. TO XXVI, … King Ea-messu XVI. =. … King and High-Priest of Amen Queen … ? Prince of the Ma … ? King of the Ma … King and High-Priest of Amen … King and High- | Priest of Amen … King … (of Tanis and Thebes) … King … King King … King … High-Priest of Amen Prince … Hcn-Ptah = T'a-n-ka-keni Pet-Ise = Ta-ari = Herso = . . . r . . ir- … Kings of Patoeis … Thent-A^ … King Queen … Prophet of Amen … King … King Princess Queen King Queen … I ! Queen King Queen … King Queen … Prophet of Ptah … been the son of Shabak (Sabaco) … Prince Commander of the Troops Princess Prince and Kin| … The term ' Vassal' designates the petty kings and satraps of

Chapter XIV: Dynasty XX

325

As this king's official name was User-maat-Ba, he is only- … nations, who had invaded the borders of Egypt. The

326

defeated; so in Cyprus were the Zekkaru (Zygritse),

327

dtn xx. THE PROSPERITY OF EGYPT 327 … to give the inhabitants rest under their cool shade.

328

328 THE WEALTH OF RHAMPSINITUS OH. xiv. … Thou hast received gold and silver like sand on the [sea] shore. … which he lavished on the temples of Amen, Ptah, and

329

a>XN. xx. DEFEAT OF THE LIBYANS 329

330

There stood in ambush over against them the chief leaders, the-

331

LIST OF PRISONERS … Total number of prisoners of war of … 119 + a; … Chariots of war . . … Horses and asses of the Maxyes .

332

EFFIGIES OF THE CONQUERED KINGS ch. xrv. … A ... si.

333

BUILDINGS OF RAMSES III. … 34. Samai (Syme, a Carian … Even if some of the parallel names should receive

334

THE FEAST-DAYS AT THEBES … Rising of the Sothis-star (Sirius), a sacrifice for

335

xxn. xx. NEW TEMPLES OF RAMSES III. 335 … is proved by a harem conspiracy which aimed at his

336

336 THE JUDICIAL PAPYKUS OF TUEIN oh. xit. … (3) I am the guardian and protector for ever, and (4) bearer of the … (2) ' The chief culprit Beka-kamen. He was house-steward.

337

btn xx. THE HAREM CONSPIRACY 337 … (4) ' The chief culprit Panauk. He was the royal secretary of … (9) 'The chief culprit Kha-em-maanro. He was a land-surveyor,

338

(10) 'The chief culprit Seti-em-pa-Tehuti. He was a land-sur- … (11) 'The chief culprit Seti-em-pa-Amen. He was a land- … (12) ' The chief culprit Ua-ro-maat. He was a councillor. He

339

dxn. xx. THE HAREM CONSPIRACY 339 … (4) ' Persons who were brought up on account of their crime, and … before the tribunal. They died by their own hand. … (8) ' The chief accused Han-uten-Amen. He was a councillor. … (9) ' The chief accused Amen-khau. He was Adon for the service

340

of the women's house. He was brought up because of the crime- … (7) ' They laid down, without completing his expiation, the chief

341

TO. xx. THE HAREM CONSPIEACY 341 … found in it the material for all kinds of wickedness and all kinds of … he had made some gods of wax, and some human figures, to paralyse

342

342 THE FAMILY OF KAMSES in. oh; xiv. … 1. Prince Ra-niessu I., commander of the infantry, afterwards- … Of eight other princes and fourteen princesses we

343

ascended the throne. According to the rock inscrip- … Good times were in Egypt, as in those of the Sun-god Ra, in … (Hor of Coptos), the creator of his body. He caused to be opened

344

344 THE INSCRIPTION OF ITAMMAMAT ch. xit.

345

900 of the number had died in consequence of the long journey, … That his rule over Egypt was contested by a … whose sepulchral chamber, in the valley of Biban-el-

346

Of the sons of Kamses III., who followed next in … The few inscriptions which have survived the ravages

347

An interesting record of this time has faithfully

348

348 THE TOMB OF PENNI ch. xrv. … The circuit of the superficies of the fields of the potters' earth, … The inscription is in a rock-tomb at Anibe, on the

349

named Meri, who is also called ' the superintendent of … Penni was certainly an artist, as is shown by the … we come to the last Eamessides of the Twentieth … It is not his deeds, about which the monuments tell us

350

350 AMENHOTEP, THE HIGH PRIEST oh. xiv.

351

Mentu was invoked as a witness :

352

of Amen, who dwells in the temple of Amen. I inserted the whole-

353

already made—viz. Amenhotep, the chief priest of … Their names are found only here and there on the … ceived the particular attention of the kings of the … A A

354

354 THE POSSESSED PRINCESS OF BAKHTAN ch. xiy.

355

dstn. xx. THE POSSESSED PRINCESS OF BAKHTAN 355

356

was lame. Then spake he to the prophet of Khonsu, the adminis- … we seem to have arrived at the end of this Dynasty,,

357

Dts. xs. LETTER OF RAMSES XIII. 357 … *° execute in the land of the South. As soon as this letter of

358

to this message. Such is the message which is made known to

359

THE EOYAL MUMMIES OF DEIK-EL-BAHABI.

360

360 FINDING THE THIEF … secretly to Keneh and divulging the whole secret to the

361

THE TOMB CHAMBER 361 … lessly thrown aside at a sharp turn in the corridor was

362

Princess Set-Amen, the royal scribe Senu of the house- … deified under one of the many forms of Hathor, the

363

DISCOVERY OF MORE MUMMIES IN 1891 363 … as if hurriedly thrust away for purposes of conceal-

Chapter XV: Dynasties XXI-XXIV

364

THE PEIEST HER-HOR AND HIS SUCCESSORS.

365

»m xxi. THE PRIEST-KINGS 365' … all probability, were banished to the Great Oasis, they … On the east of Mesopotamia the great empire of … whom he then designated as As- ites, Shashanq being the equivalent … though to define their nationality second Dynasty are Susan. The

366

366 INVASION BY THE MA ch. xt. … the insurrection. After he had succeeded in doing

367

soul. The families of Thebes received him with songs of joy. … Now [had reached its end] (9) the month Mesori. On the 4th … (1°) a hundred thousand of them. Is any one able to appease

368

368 RECALL OF THE RAMESSIDES oh. xv- … written down] on a memorial stone [in writing], and set up in thy … I was created as originator of all riches according to thy [word], … mands enjoin]. (22) Give me consideration with the great god, in

369

bxn. xxi. THE TOMB OF KAEOMATH 369

370

370 EGYPT INVADED BY THE MA ch. xv. … his father Osiris, where his body had been laid on his bed of rest in … in this, to receive the undivided victory.' Very, very much did the … Then [spake to him] Amen-Ra, the king of the gods : ' I will do … Then his Majesty had the statue, in the form of a walking man,

371

of the Osirian general of the Ma, the great generalissimo, E~a-ro-

372

Catalogue of maid-servants : Nes-ta-tep, whose mother is Tat-

373

am xxi. THE PRINCESS KA-EA-MAAT 373

374

has brought with her, of the hereditary possession which had … not be a helper (?) to them. They shall be full, full of [snares t]

375

away from the [lady as their possession. They who shall keep back … visits to the upper country of Patoris, though he followed

376

SHASHANQ'S CONQUEST OF JUDAH … We subjoin, so far as is possible, a list of them :— … A-ro-ha-lel (Aroer 1) … Qe-be-a-na (Gibeon) … Pa-Ha-qa-laa, ' the stone of ' … Ma .... a … Ga-naa-t, ' the garden ' … Pa-Ha-ga-le-(t), ' the stone of' … A-bi-lau (Abel) … Nu-p-a-1 … A-le-qad … A-do-rau

377

»ra. xxii. THE HALL OF!THE BUBASTITES 377 … Ha-i-do-baa A-bi-r … Ha-qe-le-ma Beith-A-n-th (Beth-anoth) … Hi-bith A-ro-ma-then (Ramah ?) … Neb-tath A-ro-nia . . . … A-d-raa Ma . . . … and Hor-em-saf—whose skill was great in all manner of work,

378

wrought stones, in order to glorify the city (Thebes), to set up its … will not sleep by night, I will not slumber by day. The building

379

warriors of Patoris, the son of King Shashanq I.—for his lord

380

The claim, which, was not admitted in his person, seems, … According to the monuments he had two wives. … This king was the grandson of Shashanq the high-

381

the same royal family. The monuments are absolutely … -Mut-em-hat, a daughter of Na-ro-math, high-priest of

382

382 THE LAST BTTBaSTITES . ch. XT. … We owe our knowledge of these monarchs chiefly to

383

*m xxii. THE APIS-STEL^E 383

384

384 LIFE OF THE APIS ch. xv. … And to his venerator and friend, the high-priest of Ptah, Pef-tot-

385

DYNASTY XXIII., OF TANIS. … All three disappear in the struggle waged against … Bak-en-ean-p, the Bocchoris of Manetho, stands alone … Mariette has recognised in this king the Uah-ka-Ba … fhis same Bak-en-ran-f appears again in the As-

386

of Bu-kur-ni-ni-ip, as sar of Pa-ah.-nu.-ti. The name of

Chapter XVI: Dynasty XXV

387

THE ETHIOPIANS. … and submissive to the dominant priestly caste. Mount

388

388 RISE OF THE ETHIOPIAN POWER oh. xvi.

389

quiring full possession of Thebes, the city out of which

390

390 THE PRINCES OF LOWER EGYPT ch. xvt. … By the term ' vassals ' is meant the princes subject … (2) His mother well knew that he was destined for a ruler tf*

391

»W. xxv. THE STELA OF PIANKHI 391

392

392 THE STELA OF PIANKHI ch. xti. … courage at the thought of thee 1 An army is naught, whose com-

393

»m xxv. THE STELA OF PIANKHI 393 … The grand-master of the fan-bearers in Lower Egypt; and

394

394 THE STELA OF PIANKIII ch. xvi. … as truly as I love the god Ra, as truly as I hallow the god Amen,

395

dyn. xxv. THE STELA OF PIANKHI 395 … the queen and daughter of a king, Nes-thent-nes, to supplicate … [speaking thus : ' Thou art] (56) Horus, the lord of the palace

396

396 THE STELA OE PIANKHI oh. xn. … many jewels. (58) Then was the treasury filled with these gifts. … When his Majesty visited the stables and the studs of foals, he

397

dtn. xxv. THE st£la of piankhi 397 … did as it pleased him. Then they came out with a son of the

398

398 THE STELA OF PIANKIII ch. xvi. … forthwith. His Majesty entered. He offered (83) [a sacrifice to … of the warriors of his Majesty (disguised) as workmen, master-

399

Dm xxv. THE STELA OF PIANKPII 399 … war-chariot—and when he had gone down the river through fear … a flood of water. What he commands me (94) [that shall happen].'

400

400 THE STELA OF PIANKHI oh. xvi.

401

dtn. xxy. THE STELA OF PIANKIII 401

402

402 THE STELA OF PIANKHI oh. xvi.

403

nm xxv. THE STELA OF PIANKHI 403 … Prince and General (unnamed) of Ta-Ur (Tanis) ; … f The king and general Tefnekht of] the city of [Sa'is] has assembled … what had happened, and his body-guards were entrusted to the … softened by all that you have done to me 1 If I have been a

404

404 THE STELA OF PIANKHI oh. xvi.- … perty for thy treasury : (138) gold and jewels, also the most … Tidings were brought to (145) his Majesty : ' The city of Croco- … (146) Thus no district was shut against his Majesty, of the

405

itt xxv. THE STELA OF PIANKHI 405

406

On the left hand, King Nut himself offers a breast-

407

His Majesty said : ' So may the dream come true.' For this … When his Majesty had repaired to the city of Noph (Napata), … tine1. When he had come into the temple of Khnem-Ra, the lord … this house of the god. He caused the Theban Amen-Ra to be … When his Majesty had come to Memphis, and (17) the rebels

408

408 INSCRIPTION OF MEM-AMEN NUT oh. xti. … with the princes of (25) Lower Egypt, for they had retired within … Majesty, 'They are come to serve the great lord, our governor.' … me in the night (31) of that which I shall see in the day.'

409

■before his face. The king speaks : ' Since that is the truth, which … what God ordains, that shall come to pass. I swear, as truly as the … of his mouth, O great king, our lord !' … our lord on account of that which is just;'—then they responded … then they said : ' Shall we stay longer ? Is such the will of the … servants according to the need of the city.' Then his Majesty let

410

of the Sun, Meri-Amen Nut—to him be health, prosperity, life !—- … the mention of Pi-qe-ro-ro, the prince of the city of … With Taharaqa, king of Ethiopia, begins the latest

411

Dtt xxv. RECOED OF ASSURE ANIPAL 411 … Recohd of Assurbanipal. … I numbered my army and my whole forces, with which the great … himself. Upon the Assyrians (lit. men of Assur), who were servants

412

412 THE ASSYRIANS TAKE THEBES ch. xvi- … With invocations to Assur, Sin (the Moon-god), the great gods, … made satraps, sinned against the commandments of Assur and the

413

Dtsr. xxv. THE PETTY KINGS OF EGYPT 413 … mg glorious deeds.....they delivered up in the city Karbel- … Pu-uk-ku-na-an-ni-pi (Bok-en-nifi), king of Ha-at-hi-ri-bi (Ha-ta- … ru-u-iu-ma (Pamai), king of Bi-in-di (Bindid, Mendes), … Bu-uk-ku-na-an-ni-pi (Bok-en-nifi), king of Ahnir (On 1), … Na-ah-ti-hu-ru-an-shi-ni (Nekht-Hor-na-shennu), king of Pa-Sap-ti-

414

414 THE ASSYRIAN CONQUEST OF EGYPT oh. xyi. … Is-pi-ma-tu (Psamut), king of Ta-i-ni (Tini, Thinis), … and broke the commandments of the great gods......They … According to Oppert's view, here followed the

415

'bin. xxv. DEATH OF TAHARAQA 415 … The thirteen lines which follow relate the first campaign of

416

maneh heard of the advance of my expedition '—and so forth, as m … (V.) Urdamaneh heard of the advance of my expedition. He' … According to Oppert's researches, they contained the

417

he marched forth (lit. directed his step). With the invocation of … We have here set before us a remarkable portion

418

fled to Nineveh, for protection and help to punish King … forth with all exactness in the Genealogical Table facing … dences of their presence; but we are unable to find

419

DTK, xxv. MENTU-EM-HA, GOVEENOE OF THEBES 419

420

Piankhi, and hence he belongs to a considerably earlier … May he grant everything that is good and pure, by which the

Chapter XVII: Dynasties XXVI-XXX

421

The momirn.en.ts now become more and more silent.

422

the Ionians (Eacotis)'—succeeded to the inheritance of

423

J>m xxvi. CORRUPTION OF EELIGIOUS THOUGHT 423

424

424 APIS-STEL.E OF PSAMTHEK I. oh. xvii. … Year 20, month Mesori, day 20, under the reign of King … the founder of a new gallery and new sepulchral

425

•chambers (with panelled woodwork, as the inscription … Year 12, month Payni, day 21, under the reign of the king

426

426 APIS-STiL^l OF AMASIS II. ch. xvn.. … The granite sarcophagus of this bull stands to this

427

THE APIS UNDER CAMBYSES … Prom the year 32, 21st Payni, to the … In the reign of Cambyses there occurred the death … Year 4, month Epiphi, under the reign [of King Cambyses]

428

428 THE APIS-STEL/B ch. rrai. … Under Amasis, the Apis died in the 23rd year of

429

Ensr. xxvi. THE PERSIAN INVASION 429 … descendants of the former royal houses, who did not

430

missive to the Great King of Persia, and to enter his

431

Dm xxvii. INSCRIPTION OF UT'A-IIOR-RESENET 431

432

432 TEMPLE OF DARIUS AT EL-KHARGEH ch. xvii-

433

Bm xxvii. THE ARCHITECT KHNUM-AB-RA 433 … He did this in remembrance of his father, the great god Amen-

434

PEDIGREE OF KHNUM-AB-RA … UT'A-KHONSU: … Architect of S. and N. Egypt; chief burgomaster; * … 2nd, 3rd, and 4th prophet and high-priest of Amen, … Architect of Upper and Lower Egypt; chief burgo- … Architect of Upper and Lower Egypt.

435

dxn. sxvii. THE CANAL OF DARIUS 435 … TJarius left off constructing the canal, because some

436

The representations of the god Amsu of Coptos are

437

-under the reign of Khshiarsh (Xerxes I.). … (1) 6 full years under the reign of Kanbuza (Cambyses) ; … (1) 5 full years I under the reign of Arta-khshesesh … Xerxes I.—or, as he is named in the Egyptian

438

from the Greeks roused anew the desire of the Egyp- … This lake-district, called Patanut, belonged to the deities of

439

am xxix., xxx. PEDIGBEE OF NEKHT-NEB-EF 43 9 … Nes-bi-n-didi, = Mertuhap* King ISTekiit-neb-ef … nomarch of j military commander. … The translation of the following inscription of a

440

440 THE MACEDONIAN CONQUEST ch. xyH. … higher than thy city, I have not failed to impart of thy spirit to all … thy guide among the foreign people.'

441

END OF THE EMPIRE OF EGYPT … TOMB AT SAQQAItAH, IXSCK1BED WITH THE XA5IE 01' TSAMTHEK.

442

SUPPLEMENTABY NOTE ON THE LAST

443

tions of it in their writings ; but it is evident that … Psamthek I., B.C. 666-612.—After the Assyrian … to do more than assume that it was chiefly through the

444

vigour which characterised the work of the Ancient

445

Pelusiac arm of the Nile, a little north, of Bubastis, in … Neku then attempted to assert the Egyptian supre- … recorded of the reign of this king, except an expedition … b.c. 591-572.—This king inherited both the bravery … the entrance of the temple. Its external dimensions

446

successful against that of Nebuchadnezzar, and with his … and granted Naukratis as a free port to Greek mer-

447

THE PERSIAN RULE 447 … Thereupon the king vented all his rage and dis-

448

448 DARIUS I.—XERXES I.—ARTAXERXES I. … was succeeded by the son of Hystaspes, whose chief

449

THE LAST NATIVE PHARAOHS 449 … crucified. Amyrtams of Sals, the Egyptian leader, … Xerxes LL, b.c. 425-4, and Darius IT., B.C. 424- … Amen-rut (Amyrtjsus), b.c. 405-399.—This king … faaurut II., B.C. 379.—There is but little to relate of

450

360, commenced the last dynasty of native kings of … the Persian command, and 20,000 Greeks, under that of … T'e-hee (Tachos), b.c. 364-361.—The short reign

451

cenaries, going over to the side of the pretender, over-

The nomes of egypt according to the lists of the monuments

452

THE NOMES OF EGYPT

List of values and prices, about B.C. 1000

453

Table of the Estimated Value of Ancient Egyptian Uncoined Silver … By the help of this Table the reader will find it easy to form … 1 Pair of Fowls (Geese ?) cost i Ten, copper.

454

500 Fish, of a particular kind, cost 1 Ket, silver (= 8 Ten, … 5 Hin of Honey ,, 4 ,, „ … 1 Apron of fine stuff cost 3 Ten, copper.

Table of the ancient egyptian grammar

455

TABLE OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CALENDAR, … / The

Index

457

— meaning of, 128 … Abeha, the land of, 203 … ' Adon,' the, 101, 104, 231 … Ahi, the land, 348 … Alexander the Great, 421 … Amen-ape, the governor, 225 … — the functionary, 52 … — the architect, 209 … Amenu, King, 66 … Anai'tis, the goddess, 99

458

Ankh-nes-aten, the princess, 221 … Antef, King, 51 … Argo, the island of, 91 … Asiatics, the, 80 … Assurbanipal, Records of, 411-4, … Ataiuhi, the Persian, 435 … Balm of Gilead, 167 … Bes, the god, 54, 99 … Biggeh, the island of, 204, 308 … Buto, the island of, 178

459

Campaigns against the— … Inhabitants of the Delta, 326 … Canal between the Nile and the Bed … Character of the Egyptians, 9, 10 … Cocheiche, the dike of, 20 … Coptos, the city of, 52, 292, 435 … Darius I., 432, 448 … Decree, the, of Canopus, 106 … Eclipse of the moon, 381

460

Endowment of Karnak, 175 … Exodus, the, 318 … — ruins of, 31 … Ge-ro-a-ro-pi, Queen, 405 … Greeks, the, in Egypt, 421 et seq. … Haker, King, 449 … Harem, the, conspiracy, 335 et seq. … ' Her-pit,' the, 101, 239, 302 … ' Hersheshta,' the, 25

461

Hor-Amsu-nekht, the god, 91 … Humboldt, A. von, 208 … Inaros, king of Libya, 448, 449 … of Aahmes, 114 et set/., 134 … Hall of Ancestors, 182 … King Nut, 406-10 … Ut'a-Hor-resenet, 430-2

462

Jerusalem, the sack of, 375 … Jubilee, the royal, 212 … Ka-Ra-maat, the princess, 373, 380 … Kazan, the, 139, 239 … Khar, the, 4,102, 106, 323 … ' King's sons of Cush,' 135, 319 … LABYRINTH, the, 74, 76, 77 … Law of female succession, 7, 29 … Library, the royal, 319 … Lion, the royal, 287

463

Map, a, at Turin, 288 … Mashuasha, the, 383 … Maxims, the, of Ptah-hotep, 44 … Memnon, the vocal, 206, 208 … Men or Menti, the, 106 … Men-kheper-Ra, the high-priest, 369 … — the worship of, 29 … — a noble, 63 … — the princess, 309 … — the ' chief prophet,' 219 … Mnevis, worship of, 29 … Mummy of Antef, 51 … Naharain, the, 138, 195

464

Neb-ankh, the holy mountain, 334 … Nile, the, 7, 75 … Nobles, the, 10 … Nubians, the, 197 … — tomb of, 186 … Panbesa, the scribe, 320 … Parihu, prince of Punt, 144 … Pedigree of court architects, 17

465

Pharaoh, meaning of name, 23 … Plague, a, 29 … — sanctuary of, 186 … — the prince of, 234 … Antef the Great, 52 … 'Prophet of the pyramid of … Eamesseum, the, 296, 32S … -------family of, 342

466

Ran-Seneb, the courtier, 89 … Revolution in Chaldea, a, 153 … Rohannu, mountain of, 57 … ' Sacred prophet,' the, 45 … Sati, the, 134 … Seb, the god, 12 … Semites, the, 4, 302 … Senmut, the architect, 142 … Seqenen-Ra, King, 109, 116

467

Seti, the governor, 322 … Shasu, the, 100, 106, 137, 197, 317 … Shepses-ka-f, King, 39 … Sinaitic peninsula, the, 62, 78, 191 … Sphinx, the, 37,199 … Statues of … — son of Hapu, 204 … Ut'a-Hor-resenet, 430 … Sudan, the, 134, 203, 234 … X'a-her, King, 450 … Memorial, of Amada, 196

468

Tale, the, of the Two Brothers, 123 et … Tat-ka-Ea, King, 43 … Temple, a city, 387 … Old Gurnah (of the dead), 296 … Terehbah, the, 47 … Titles of the kings of Egypt, 23, 30,

469

Titles of the kings of Egypt's parents, … Tombs of … Tosorthros, King, 30 … — of war, 167 … Turin Papyrus, the, 14 … Unas, King, 45 … Usem metal, the, 159 … — the artist, 83 … Worship of Apis, 29

Tafeln

Tafel_V

Scale of English Feet.

Maßstab/Farbkeil

massstab

Titles of the kings of Egypt's parents, … Tombs of … Tosorthros, King, 30 … — of war, 167 … Turin Papyrus, the, 14 … Unas, King, 45 … Usem metal, the, 159

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164 INSCRIPTION OP AMENEMHEB ch. viii.-

. . . ha. When it happened another time, (18) I mounted up to-
the [. . .]•

(19) Again I admired his strength against the land of Takhis,.
which is situated on the shore (?) of Lake Nesru. (20) I fought
hand to hand on it before the king. I carried off three men of the-
Aamu as living prisoners. Then my lord gave me (21) golden
rewards of honour : namely, 2 golden collars, 4 rings 2 helmets, a.
lion, and a slave.

(22) Again [I admired] another extraordinary deed, which the
lord of the country performed in the neighbourhood of Ni.1 He-
hunted 120 elephants for the sake of their tusks on [his chariot.?]
(23) I encountered the greatest among them, which attacked his
Majesty. I cut through his trunk. Being still alive [(24) he-
pursued me]. Then I went into the water, between two rocks..
Then my royal lord rewarded me with a golden gift : (25) namely,.
[. . .], and with three dresses.

Then when the king of Kadesh sent forward a horse (26) with
the head of a [. . .], which dashed in among the warriors, then I
ran after him (27) on foot, holding my dagger, and ripped up his
belly. I cut off its tail and gave (28) it to the king. Praise on the
part of the divine one for this. The joy which he bestowed filled,
my body, and pleasure thrilled through my limbs.

(29) His Majesty caused the bravest of his warriors to go-
before. The fortress was to be broken into, which the inhabitants
of Kadesh had newly erected. I was he (30) who broke into it. I
was the leader of all the brave men ; no other did it before me.
I went on, I brought back of the nobles (31) two men as living
prisoners. My royal lord renewed his thanks to me for this by
(32) splendid gifts of every sort. Contentment was with the king.

I achieved these battles while I was a captain. Then [he com-
manded that] (33) I should be the person to arrange the sails [on
his ship. And] I was the first of his suite (34) in the voyage on.
the river [in honour of Amen] at his splendid festival in Thebes.
The inhabitants were full of joy [on that account]. (35) Lo ! the-
king finished his course of life, after many years, glorified by con-
quests and by [victory ....], (36) and by triumphs, beginning-
from the 1st year, down to the last day of the month Phamenoth,
of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, (37) Men-khepek-Ra
Tehuti-mes, the justified. Then he flew up to heaven, when the disk
of the sun went down. The successor of a god joined himself to his-
parent.

When now the earth became light and the morning (38) broke,
the disk of the sun rose, and the heaven grew clear, then was the

1 A town in the land of Naharain often confounded with Nineveh.

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