DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.21666#0166
MOHorpaMMHCTa HWK c MnxajioM KpaMepoM. M02KH0 TaK^e cpenarb
npepnojion^eHne, HTO 9THM xypox^HMKOM 6bui 6paT KpaMepa XaHc Kpa-
Mep, OTMeneHHŁifi B MCTOHHHKax B 1568 ropy, a 3aTeM cnycra pojime ropni
B 1590 ropy B 3rox^ejibn,e. OpHaxo ero npe6biBaHne B Cnjie3nn HBjnieTca
nona rnnoTe30M, TpeOyioipen nopTBepn^peHHH B apxnBHbix MaTepnajiax.
HecoMHeHHO B Kpyry Mnxajia KpaMepa cjion^miocb TBopnecTBo nHoro
xypoxHHKa, MacTepa c apKMM u opnrnHajibHbiM TBopnecKMM 06JIHKOM. llo
Bceii BepoHTHocTH ero Mon^HO upeHTm^upMpoBaTB c Ennr Tpe6axepoM,
CKyjibnTopoM popoM H3 Hbicbi, yBHBirtHMca B MacTepcKoii KpaMepa u no-
jiyBMBruMM 3BaHMe MacTepa B 1580 ropy. ^o 1598 ropa OH BepHyjicn B CBOM
popHOM ropop, rpe B03HHK cnop Men^py HMM u ppyrMMM HjieHaMM pexa,
nOCJie X^e 9T0r0 paHHBie O HeM OTCyTCTByiOT. K3 apXMBHbIX HCTOHHMKOB
cjiepyeT Taxx^e, HTO OH yMen pejiaTb oneHb ManeHbKHe TOHKon pa6oTBi
pejibet^bi M3 ajie6acTpa u HTO 6bui xypox^HHKOM, nojib30BaBinnMca n3-
BecTHbiM npn3HaHneM — 06 9TOM CBMpeTejiBCTByeT <^taKT, HTO y Hero 3a-
Ka3BiBajiMCb paóoTBi pjia Xajuie. Ha ocHOBe 9Tnx cxynbix paHHbix cHanana
B. TpyHpMaH, a 3aTeM K. BuMJiep npnnncajin eMy cTOJib HeBepoHTHBie
npOM3BepeHMH, HTO CMrHajIH3MpyH 3pecb B03M02KH0CTB OTOH^peCTBJieHHH
Tpe6axepa c aBTopoM rpynnni npoH3BepeHnn B En^ere n Hbice, aBTop
npepnoHMTaeT paTb eMy ycjioBHoe Ha3BaHne MacTepa 6ojibinnx anuTac^nii.
Taxnx onnTac^nn (HeKOTopbie M3 Hnx peiicTBMTejibHo orpoMHŁie —
caMan Bojininan annTa^na Xonccjiepa HMeeT 6 MeTpoB BbicoTBi) 9TOT
xypoxcHMK BbinojiHMJi poBOJiBHO MHoro — nHTB B Eniere, no opHoii B Ha-
MbicjiOBe, noroncejie n MnxanoBe, a Tannce no KpanHeił Mepe Tpn (opHo
coxpaHMJiocb nacTnnHo) B Hbice. KpoMe Toro, OH 6bui BeponTHO aBTopoM
ajie6acTpoBoro penne^a B KypHnxe n cojiHeHHbix nacoB Ha paTyme
B OTMyxoBe. ^jin ero TBopnecTBa xapaKTepHO mnpoKoe ncnojib30BaHne
CTyxa, H3 KOToporo OH penaji npen^pe Bcero pennec^bi, a HHorpa n pejibie
anMTa^nn (BeiłccKonc^a B En^ere n HeH3BecTHoro B HaMBicjioBe). EoraT-
CTBO TBOpneCKHX 3aMBICJI0B OH npOHBMJI He TOJIBKO B apXHTeKTypHBIX
KOMno3npMHx, HO TaKxe B caMOM Bbi6ope TeMamKn. CioxeTbi ero pejine-
^30B OHeHB pa3H006pa3HŁI, XOTH B K0Mn03MpHH OTpeJIBHBIX CpeH Xyp02K-
HHK orpaHnnuBajiCH KonnpoBaHneM rpa(^)HHecKnx o6pa3poB, HTO HarjmpHO
noKa3biBaiOT npnnaraeMbie K KHnre HJiJiiocTpapnn. OH poBOJiHO 6bicTpo
Hcnojib30Baji CBen^ne rpa^nnecKne jincTKM, MaccoBO M3paBaBinnecH B Hn-
pepjiaHpax, npoH3BepeHnn KojuiepTa, Boca H ppymx MacTepoB, 6e3-
3a6oTHo nepeHocn ,,KaTOJiMHecKMe" MOTHBbi B En^er, a ,,pe(^)opMan,HOHHbie"
B Hbicy. Pejinec^) B KypHnne u c^parMeHT onHTac^nn B Hbice noKa3BiBaioT
HaM ero opHOBpeMeHHO xax MacTepa, yMeno nojib30BaBinerocn ane-
6acTpoM. c&aKT, HTO OH Bbinreji M3 MecTHon cpepni noBJinaji Ha ero TBopne-
CKHM OÓJIMK B TOM CMblCJie, HTO OH T0pa3p0 60Jiee CBO60PHO HCn0JIB30BajI
HnpepjiaHpcKne o6pa3n,Bi no cpaBHeHMio c ppyrHMH CKyjiBnTopaMM Cnjie-
3MM ero 9noxn.
CMepTb KpaMepa n BepoHTHbiił nepe3p MacTepa 6ojibmnx anirrac^MH
B Hbicy nojioxnjiH KOHep Bepyrpen pojin En^era, KOTopyio nepeHnMaeT
Tenepb CTOJinpa enncKoncKoro KHan^ecTBa. Bo BCHKOM cjiynae ropopcKon
coBeT En^era, nocTaHOBHB 3axa3aTb pjin rjiaBHoro KocTena ropopa B 1593
ropy HOBbiii aMBOH, pojiH<:eH 6biJi o6paTMTbcn c TaKHM 3axa30M K cxyjibn-
Topy H3 Hbicbi, HMH KOToporo apxnBHbie poKyMeHTbi He ynoMHHaiOT. OTO
HHTepecHoe npon3BepeHne norn6jio B 1945 ropy n M3BecTH0 HaM TOJibKO
no CTapbiM (^oTorpat^HHM.
He HCKjnoneHO, HTO 9T0T aMBOH 6biJi npon3BepeHneM MacTepa 6ojib-
inMx anuTa^MM, a eipe 6ojiee BeponTHbiM Ka^eTcn, HTO ero co3paTejieM
]58
npepnojion^eHne, HTO 9THM xypox^HMKOM 6bui 6paT KpaMepa XaHc Kpa-
Mep, OTMeneHHŁifi B MCTOHHHKax B 1568 ropy, a 3aTeM cnycra pojime ropni
B 1590 ropy B 3rox^ejibn,e. OpHaxo ero npe6biBaHne B Cnjie3nn HBjnieTca
nona rnnoTe30M, TpeOyioipen nopTBepn^peHHH B apxnBHbix MaTepnajiax.
HecoMHeHHO B Kpyry Mnxajia KpaMepa cjion^miocb TBopnecTBo nHoro
xypoxHHKa, MacTepa c apKMM u opnrnHajibHbiM TBopnecKMM 06JIHKOM. llo
Bceii BepoHTHocTH ero Mon^HO upeHTm^upMpoBaTB c Ennr Tpe6axepoM,
CKyjibnTopoM popoM H3 Hbicbi, yBHBirtHMca B MacTepcKoii KpaMepa u no-
jiyBMBruMM 3BaHMe MacTepa B 1580 ropy. ^o 1598 ropa OH BepHyjicn B CBOM
popHOM ropop, rpe B03HHK cnop Men^py HMM u ppyrMMM HjieHaMM pexa,
nOCJie X^e 9T0r0 paHHBie O HeM OTCyTCTByiOT. K3 apXMBHbIX HCTOHHMKOB
cjiepyeT Taxx^e, HTO OH yMen pejiaTb oneHb ManeHbKHe TOHKon pa6oTBi
pejibet^bi M3 ajie6acTpa u HTO 6bui xypox^HHKOM, nojib30BaBinnMca n3-
BecTHbiM npn3HaHneM — 06 9TOM CBMpeTejiBCTByeT <^taKT, HTO y Hero 3a-
Ka3BiBajiMCb paóoTBi pjia Xajuie. Ha ocHOBe 9Tnx cxynbix paHHbix cHanana
B. TpyHpMaH, a 3aTeM K. BuMJiep npnnncajin eMy cTOJib HeBepoHTHBie
npOM3BepeHMH, HTO CMrHajIH3MpyH 3pecb B03M02KH0CTB OTOH^peCTBJieHHH
Tpe6axepa c aBTopoM rpynnni npoH3BepeHnn B En^ere n Hbice, aBTop
npepnoHMTaeT paTb eMy ycjioBHoe Ha3BaHne MacTepa 6ojibinnx anuTac^nii.
Taxnx onnTac^nn (HeKOTopbie M3 Hnx peiicTBMTejibHo orpoMHŁie —
caMan Bojininan annTa^na Xonccjiepa HMeeT 6 MeTpoB BbicoTBi) 9TOT
xypoxcHMK BbinojiHMJi poBOJiBHO MHoro — nHTB B Eniere, no opHoii B Ha-
MbicjiOBe, noroncejie n MnxanoBe, a Tannce no KpanHeił Mepe Tpn (opHo
coxpaHMJiocb nacTnnHo) B Hbice. KpoMe Toro, OH 6bui BeponTHO aBTopoM
ajie6acTpoBoro penne^a B KypHnxe n cojiHeHHbix nacoB Ha paTyme
B OTMyxoBe. ^jin ero TBopnecTBa xapaKTepHO mnpoKoe ncnojib30BaHne
CTyxa, H3 KOToporo OH penaji npen^pe Bcero pennec^bi, a HHorpa n pejibie
anMTa^nn (BeiłccKonc^a B En^ere n HeH3BecTHoro B HaMBicjioBe). EoraT-
CTBO TBOpneCKHX 3aMBICJI0B OH npOHBMJI He TOJIBKO B apXHTeKTypHBIX
KOMno3npMHx, HO TaKxe B caMOM Bbi6ope TeMamKn. CioxeTbi ero pejine-
^30B OHeHB pa3H006pa3HŁI, XOTH B K0Mn03MpHH OTpeJIBHBIX CpeH Xyp02K-
HHK orpaHnnuBajiCH KonnpoBaHneM rpa(^)HHecKnx o6pa3poB, HTO HarjmpHO
noKa3biBaiOT npnnaraeMbie K KHnre HJiJiiocTpapnn. OH poBOJiHO 6bicTpo
Hcnojib30Baji CBen^ne rpa^nnecKne jincTKM, MaccoBO M3paBaBinnecH B Hn-
pepjiaHpax, npoH3BepeHnn KojuiepTa, Boca H ppymx MacTepoB, 6e3-
3a6oTHo nepeHocn ,,KaTOJiMHecKMe" MOTHBbi B En^er, a ,,pe(^)opMan,HOHHbie"
B Hbicy. Pejinec^) B KypHnne u c^parMeHT onHTac^nn B Hbice noKa3BiBaioT
HaM ero opHOBpeMeHHO xax MacTepa, yMeno nojib30BaBinerocn ane-
6acTpoM. c&aKT, HTO OH Bbinreji M3 MecTHon cpepni noBJinaji Ha ero TBopne-
CKHM OÓJIMK B TOM CMblCJie, HTO OH T0pa3p0 60Jiee CBO60PHO HCn0JIB30BajI
HnpepjiaHpcKne o6pa3n,Bi no cpaBHeHMio c ppyrHMH CKyjiBnTopaMM Cnjie-
3MM ero 9noxn.
CMepTb KpaMepa n BepoHTHbiił nepe3p MacTepa 6ojibmnx anirrac^MH
B Hbicy nojioxnjiH KOHep Bepyrpen pojin En^era, KOTopyio nepeHnMaeT
Tenepb CTOJinpa enncKoncKoro KHan^ecTBa. Bo BCHKOM cjiynae ropopcKon
coBeT En^era, nocTaHOBHB 3axa3aTb pjin rjiaBHoro KocTena ropopa B 1593
ropy HOBbiii aMBOH, pojiH<:eH 6biJi o6paTMTbcn c TaKHM 3axa30M K cxyjibn-
Topy H3 Hbicbi, HMH KOToporo apxnBHbie poKyMeHTbi He ynoMHHaiOT. OTO
HHTepecHoe npon3BepeHne norn6jio B 1945 ropy n M3BecTH0 HaM TOJibKO
no CTapbiM (^oTorpat^HHM.
He HCKjnoneHO, HTO 9T0T aMBOH 6biJi npon3BepeHneM MacTepa 6ojib-
inMx anuTa^MM, a eipe 6ojiee BeponTHbiM Ka^eTcn, HTO ero co3paTejieM
]58