Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

The Blue Globe

47

Trajan and Hadrian, it is the emperor who passes on the symbol
to his successor (fig-. 19)1.

Fig. 18. Fig. 19.

Yet another modification of the same cult-statue produced the
type of Iupiter enthroned with his left foot planted on the globe.
This may be seen from sundry late sarcophagus-reliefs supposed to
portray the birth of Apollon2. The best-preserved of them is that
of a sarcophagus-lid in the Villa Borghese. The central scene
(fig. 20)3, with which alone we are here concerned, shows Iupiter
enthroned in heaven. Once more he sits facing us, with a sceptre
in his raised left and a thunderbolt in his lowered right hand4. But
this time the globe is transferred from his left side to a new position
beneath his left foot. On either side of him are a boy and a girl
interpreted as the youthful Apollon and Artemis5. They in turn
are flanked by Iuno with her sceptre and Minerva with her helmet
and spear. In short, we have before us the heavenly region re-
presented by the three Capitoline deities and their new proteges.

That the Iupiter of this relief is in truth only a variation of the
Vespasianic type, appears from a curious circumstance noted by

1 Rasche Lex. Num. iii. 15, 1464, Sittl op. cit. p. 49. The illustration is from a coin
of Hadrian in my collection, dac • parthic[o' p • m • tr • p] • cos p p and s • c.

2 Raoul Rochette Monumens inedits d?antiquitifigurie Paris 1833 p. 401 ff. pi. 74, 1
and 2 (birth and death of an Eleusinian mystic), H. Heydemann in the Arch. Zeit. 1869
xxvii. 21 f. pi. 16, 1—4 (the story of Eros and Psyche), C. Robert in Hermes 1887 xxii.
460—464, id. in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1890 v. 220 n. 6, id. Sark.-Relfs.
iii. 1. 39 ff- pi. 6—7, 33, (scenes relating to the birth of Apollon). Robert's view is
accepted by Helbig Guide Class. Ant. Rome ii. 145 f. no. 921 and, in part at least, by
Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Apollon pp. 368—370 Atlas pi. 3, 18, K. Wernicke in Pauly-
Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 108, B. Sauer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1975 f., H. Steuding
id. ii. 2091, 2118.

3 Redrawn from Arch. Zeit. 1869 xxvii pi. 16, 3 with the help of Overbeck Gr.
Kunstmyth. Atlas pi. 3, 18. The lines of restoration are taken from Eichler's drawing
in C. Robert Sark.-Relfs. iii. 1. 40 fig. 33.

4 The thunderbolt is due to the restorer (Robert op. cit. iii. 1. 41), but is probably
correct.

5 Large parts of the Artemis are modern, viz. the head, the left fore-arm with its
pyxis, the right fore-arm, the left leg, and the right foot.