Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Human sacrifice to Zeus Lykaios 73

for Pausanias read and copied the actual inscription on the man's
statue-base1. But whether the name was Demainetos or Dam-
archos makes no difference to us: the story told of him is
identical.

Varro's statement, as evidenced by the foregoing extracts,
is twofold. It contains on the one hand Euanthes' general
account of the Arcadian custom, on the other Skopas' particular
exemplification of it. Comparing the two, we at once detect a
discrepancy. Both agree that a man became a wolf for a period
of nine years, after which he returned to human shape. But,
whereas Euanthes speaks of him as having been chosen by lot,
Skopas describes him as having tasted the entrails of an im-
molated boy. This discrepancy would indeed vanish altogether,
if we assumed that the method of selection indicated by Platon
in a passage already quoted—' he who tasted the one human
entrail,' etc.—might be viewed as a kind of cleromancy or sortition.
But it is better to suppose that the casting of lots was a later and
more civilised substitute for the arbitrament of the cannibal feast.

Be that as it may, Euanthes has preserved various details of
primitive import. He tells us that those who thus cast lots among
themselves (and therefore, presumably, those who at an earlier date
gathered about the banquet of human flesh) belonged to a clan
descended from a certain Anthos. Now H. W. Stoll2 and T.
Topffer3 have pointed out that the names Anthos, Ant/ias, Anthes,
Antheus were given in sundry parts of the Greek world to mythical
figures of a common type—the handsome youth who comes early
to a cruel death just because he personifies the short-lived vege-
tation of the year4. One of these ' Flower '-heroes, Anthas or

Damarchos from Euanoridas of Elis, whose 'OXv/mirtovLKai he had just mentioned (Paus. 6.
8. i). Miiller further conjectures that in Plin. nat. hist. 8. 82 we should read itaque
Euanoridas qui Olympionicas scripsit (MSS. item or ita or itaque copas, whence Jan cj.
Scopas, Schwartz in Pauly-Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 896 Hai-pocras, Gelenius Agriopas).
But again see Jacoby in Pauly-Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 845, and cp. Plin. nat. hist, index
to 8 Euanthe apoca or apocha (so MSS.: Scopa Jan, Agriopa Gelenius, Agrippa vulg.) qui
'OXvfj.irioi'LKas. Immerwahr Kult. Myth. Arkad. p. 13 f. pushes Midler's speculation one
stage further and proposes to identify Euanthes with Euanoridas, whom he calls
' Euanoridas-Euagriopas-Euanthes Agrippa' !

1 Paus 6. 8. 2. Both Aa/j.atperos (Collitz-Bechtel op. cit. i. 352 no. 1231 B 26, 38,
C 42) and Ad/uapxos [ib. i. 341 no. 1189 A minor 15, 358 no. 1246 D 4) ai-e Arcadian
names.

2 H. W. Stoll in Roscher Lex: Myth. i. 369 f.

3 J. Topffer in Pauly-Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 2358.

4 Thus Anthos, son of Hippodameia and Autonoos the ruler of a neglected and
therefore barren land, was attacked and eaten by his father's horses, which he had
driven from their scanty pasture : he was transformed by Zeus and Apollon into the bird
avdos, and as such still retains his hostility to horses (Ant. Lib. 7 : see also D'Arcy W.