Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

86 The Precinct of Zeus Lykaios

exemplify a type current about 480 B.C.1, have been found at
Olympia (fig. 53)2 and at Dodona (fig. 54)3.

Thirdly (fig. 55)4 we have Zeus seated squarely on a throne,
which is now lost. His hair is long and falls over his back; his
beard is pointed ; and his lips are drawn up in the usual archaic -
expression. He wears a chiton with short sleeves, and a himdtion
draped under his right arm and over his left shoulder. His feet,
which are bare, rest on a footstool. Both arms are bent at the
elbow, and both hands hold attributes. In the left is the lower

Fig. 55-

half of a thunderbolt; in the right—not, as we should have expected,
a sceptre—but a short rod with a knob at the bottom and a crook
at the top closely resembling the Roman lituos, the direct ancestor
of the pastoral staff still borne by our ecclesiastical hierarchy5.

1 See the discussion by Miss C. A. Hutton in the Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1896—1897
iii. 149—152 pi. 10, 1.

2 Olympia iv. 18 f. nos. 43—45 pi. 7, 43, 45, pi. 8, 44. See infra ch. ii § 3 (c) iv (a).

3 C. Carapanos Dodone et ses mines Paris 1878 pi. 12, 4, Stai's Marbres et Bronzes:
Athenes2 p. 362 no. 31. The finest specimen of this type is at Berlin; R. Kekule von
Stradonitz and H. Winnefeld Bronzen aus Dodona in den kbniglichen Museen zu Berlin
1909 pi. 1, A. Frickenhaus in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1911 xxvi. 30.

4 'E0. 'Apx. 1904 p. 187 f. figs. 12—14, A. de Ridder in the Rev. Et. Gr. 1906 xix.
170 f.

5 On the derivation of the pastoral staff from the Utuos see the Rev. H. T. Armfield
in Smith-Cheetham Diet. Chr. Ant. ii. 1565 ff.