Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

g 2 Zeus Lykaios on a Spartan Kylix

pose of Zeus in the Parthenon frieze (fig. 64)1. It is, therefore,
highly probable that the cult-statue of Zeus Lykaios existing at
Kyrene in the period to which the gold coins belong was the work,
if not of Pheidias himself, at least of some sculptor much under his
influence. If further evidence be required, one may point to the
fact that in a temple of Helios and Selene at Byzantion there was
preserved as late as the eleventh century a white marble statue of
Zeus ascribed to Pheidias, of which we are told that it ' seemed to
be seated on a sofa2.' Whether the product of Pheidiac art or not,
Zeus at Kyrene reclined on his throne in an attitude of unusual
repose. This, if I am not mistaken, earned for him the curious
sobriquet of Elinymenos*, Zeus ' Taking his Siesta*.'

(f) Zeus Lykaios on a Spartan (' Cyrenaic ') Kylix.

F. Studniczka5 in dealing with the cults of Kyrene observed
that a seated Zeus on a 'Cyrenaic' kylix in the Louvre (fig. 65)°
bore a striking resemblance to the seated Zeus of the Arcadian
coins, and proposed to identify the former with the latter as Zeus
Lykaios. And such he may well be. For the force of Studniczka's
comparison is in no way weakened by Mr J. P. Droop's discovery
that the original home of 1 Cyrenaic' ware was not Kyrene but
Sparta7. From Mount Lykaion to the Eurotas valley was no far

1 A. H. Smith The Sculptures of the Parthenon London 1910 pi. 34, M. Collignon
Le Parthenon Paris 1909 pi. 127, 30. Cp. Montfaucon Antiquity Explained trans.
D. Humphreys London 1721 i. 29 pi. 10 no. 6 after Bartoli-Bellori Admir. Rom. ant.
pi. 27.

2 Kedren. hist. comp. 323 c (i. 567 Bekker) avrov 8e wpbs yrjv rjp fiperas Aios in: XevKov
\L6ov, 'ipyov QzidLov, i^dvov boKetv iirl kXivijs.

3 Hesych. 'EXivij/j-euos' Tievs 4v "Kvpifjvr].

4 Hesych. t\ivvwv dvaTav6/xevos. L. Midler op. at. i. 67 f. regards the lituos-shaped
branch of the Cyrenaic coins as a vine-shoot, and conjectures that Zeus 'EXivvfxepos meant
not only 'le dieu qui repose' but also the god 'of the Vine-shoot' (et. mag. p. 330, 39 f.
e\iv6s' ...top k\&5ov rrjs d/xwtXov). But the epithet is obviously a participle.

5 F. Studniczka Kyrene Leipzig 1890 p. 14 f.

6 Pottier Cat. Vases du Louvre ii. 529, Vases antiques du Louvre 2me Serie Paris 1901
p. 63 no. E 668, Arch. Zeit. 1881 p. 237 ff. pi. 12, 3.

7 Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1907—1908 xiv. 2, 44 ff. See also R. M. Dawkins in the
Journ. Hell. Stud. 1908 xxviii. 322 f. and in The Year's Work in Class. Stud. 1908 p. 17,
A. J. B. Wace ib. 1909 p. 48 f. W. Klein Euphronios2 Wien 1886 p. 77 had previously
conjectured that the 'Cyrenaic' vases were made in Lakonike.

The subject cannot here be discussed in detail. But we must bear in mind that
Sparta, as the mother of Thera, was the grandmother of Kyrene. It would not therefore
be surprising to find that a ware originating in Sparta was made at Kyrene also. And
this seems on the whole to be the simplest assumption in the case of the Arkesilas-/^//?'^
(De Ridder Cat. Vases de la Bibl. Nat. i. 98 ff. no. 189). See J. R. Wheeler A Hand-
book of Greek Archaeology New York etc. 1909 p. 468 n. 1.