Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

162 The Mountain as the Burial-place of Zeus

primitive enclosure was the temenos of a sanctuary, rather than
a walled city. On the uppermost platform of rock, however, are
remains of a building constructed with large mortarless blocks of
which the ground-plan of part of two small chambers can be
roughly traced. A little further on the ridge is the small church
of Aphendi Kristos [sic], or the Lord Christ, a name which in Crete
clings in an especial way to the ancient sanctuaries of Zeus1 and
marks here in a conspicuous manner the diverted but, abiding
sanctity of the spot. Popular tradition, the existing cult, and the
archaeological traces point alike to the fact that there was here
a " holy sepulchre" of remote antiquity.'

Mount Juktas is not the only Cretan locality that claims
connexion with Zeus. A. Soutzo2, writing in 1829, states that
a village situated at the foot of Mount Ide is called Zoulakkori*,
' the Valley of Zeus,' and records the local tradition that the god,
when he came to visit the summits of Ide, used to descend here.
Soutzo adds that the inhabitants of the country still invoke Zeus
by using the ejaculation 'Hear me, god Zonos^V This is confirmed

1 Sir Arthur Evans adds in a footnote: 'See Academy, June 20, 1896, p. 513. The
eastern and western ranges of Dikta, the sites respectively of the Temple and Cave
of Zeus, are known as the Aphendi Vouno, from Avd^vrrj^Xpiaros, or "Christ the
Lord." A votive deposit, apparently connected with some Zeus cult, on a peak of
Lasethi is also known as Aphendi Christos. It is, perhaps, worth noting in this con-
nexion that at "Minoan" Gaza Zeus Kretagenes was known as Marnas, a form of
the Syrian word for "Lord."' B. Schmidt Das Volksleben der Neugriechen Leipzig
1871 i. 27 thinks it possible that 'E^evTTj-povvo, the local name for a high peak in
the easternmost part of Crete (eparchy Siteia), has reference to a former cult of Zeus,
and id. n. 4 cites 'A^vrrjs as the name of a summit in the eparchy of Lasithi. These
are the ' eastern and western ranges ' mentioned by Sir Arthur Evans.

2 A. Soutzo Histoire de la revolution grecque Paris 1829 p. 158 ' D'apres une tradition
orale des Cretois, Jupiter avait coutume d'y descendre lorsqu'il venait visiter les sommets
de l'Ida: c'est pour cette raison qu'on le nomme ZovXaKKov, " vallee de Jupiter," et, ce qui
n'est pas moins curieux, les indigenes du pays conservent encore l'invocation suivante de
leurs ancetres, corrompue par le temps 'Huovre fiov Zwe 6e£ ! " Exauce-moi Jupiter !" '
cited by N. G. Polites MeX^rrj iwl rod fiLov rCbv Xeurepuv ''EXXrjucov Athens 1871 i. 41 n. 1,
Hapadocreis Athens 1904 ii. 778, B. Schmidt Das Volksleben der Neugriechen Leipzig
1871 i. 27, R. Rodd The Customs and Lore of Modem Greece London 1892 p. 132 n. 1,
J. C. Lawson Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion Cambridge 1910 p. 74.

3 With 7io\j\aKKov B. Schmidt op. cit. i. 27 n. 5 compares TiovtovX&ko (another name
of the same village in the eparchy Mylopotamo), Zou (in Siteia), Zrjvra (in Arkadia). The
last of these has, he considers, most claim to be connected with Zeus.

I have failed to find either TiotiXaKnov or TiovtovKclko on the Admiralty Chart of western
Crete. There is, however, a Zutulana in Mylopotamo, the position of which is approxi-
mately 240. 50' E. by 350. 18' N. Is this a third name of the same place ? The German
reduction of Capt. Spratt's map (Die Insel Candia oder Creta) marks Zutulako about 1J
miles S.W. of Axos.

On Mt Kentro in the eparchy Amario is a field called Zou Kafiiros (N. G. Polites
IIa,joa56<reis Athens 1904 i. 98 no. 174).

4 With 'H.kovt€ ixov TiCove de£ C. Wachsmuth cp. the Albanian oath irtp rivt £6vt, ' By