Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Zeus superseded by Saint Elias 163

by A. Papadakes, who in 1879 reports that at Anogeia1 in Mylo-
potamo there is a place named Zoii to Idkko after the tomb of Zeus.
The dwellers in the district, if troubled or displeased at what they
hear, will sometimes -throw up their hands and cry ' Hear me, god
Zonos !' or ' Hear me for -the sake of God's seat!' or ' for the sake
of God's throne2!' I. £). Kondylakes in 1896 gives their exclama-
tion in the form 'God Zanos'AV

If these names are indeed to be connected with that of Zeus,
they must be regarded as masculine forms corresponding with the
feminine Di6nex. In that case we should obtain a Greek parallel
to the Latin Dianus, Diana.

(f) Zeus as a Mountain-god superseded by Saint Elias.

Apart from the tomb of Zeus in Crete, the surviving traces of
these mountain-cults in the place-names of modern Greece are few
in number.

In the centre of Naxos rises a conical mountain, 3737 feet in
height, from the summit of which it is possible to count some
twenty-two islands and to see on the horizon the mountain-chains
of Asia Minor5. This peak, known as DHos in ancient times6, now
bears the name Zia7 or Dia8—a name which connects it not only

our Lord,' or irep re 'v^bve, 'By the Lord, by God' {Das alte Griechenlandim Heuen
Bonn 1864 p. 50, J. G. von Hahn Albanesische Siudien Jena 1854 ii. 106, iii. 37).,

The expressions dee rrjs KprjTrjs or c5 6ee rrjs KprjTTjs or 71a to deb ttjs KpTjr^s, often
used at Arachova on Mt Parnassos and elsewhere in the sense of ' Tell that to the
marines!,' are explained by B. Schmidt op. cit. i. 28 as a survival from the days when
the Christians ridiculed the Cretan belief in a buried Zeus (Orig. c. Cels. 3. 43 KarayeXQifiev
rwv irpoGKvvotivTWv rbv Ata, e7ret rdcpos avrou ev K/dtjttj be'iKwrai).

1 Prof. R. C. Bosanquet informs me that Anogeia ' is the nearest village to the Idaean
Cave. It lies very high on Ida, and the natives, shepherds and snow-carriers, are different
f^>m their neighbours in dress, customs, etc'

2 'H/coOre pov, ZQve 6ee, or 'H/coOre fxov yia ra OpovLa rod Oeov or 710. to Opouos rod deov
(N. G. Polites Uapa86<reis Athens 1904 i. 97 f. no. 174, ii. 777 f.)-

3 I, D. Kondylakes in the Athenian journal 'EaTta June 26, 1896, quoted by N. G.
Polites loc. cit.

4 Zeus is paired with Dione at Dodona, and the oath Trep rive i;6ve. is described as
Albanian {supra p. 162 n. 4). The geographical coincidence is noteworthy.

My friend Mr R. M. Dawkins kindly tells me that a priori he would have expected
the name Zefo to survive in modern Greek as Atds. The acc. Ata would normally become
Ata or Atai^, pronounced Ata or Atay, whence a new nom. Atas with gen. Ata would be
formed.

5 Smith Diet. Geogr. ii. 406.

6 Diod. 5. 51. See further A. Meliarakes KvKXadiicd Athens 1874 p. 18 n. 51.

7 Pauly-Wissowa Real-Enc. v. 298.

8 lb. v. 1709.

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