Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

274 The Solar Wheel in Greece

both beasts and trees in her charge. On the one hand, many
bronze statuettes from her precinct at Nemi represent her as a
huntress1, and two bronze figures of hinds were found at the
entrance of her temple2. On the other hand, Grattius in his poem
on hunting describes as follows the huntsman's festival: 'In the
glades beneath the sky we fashion cross-road altars; we set up split
torches at Diana's woodland rite; the puppies are wreathed with
their wonted adornment; and in the midmost part of the glade
men lay their very weapons upon flowers, weapons that are idle
during these rites and the festal time of peace. Then comes the
cask; the cakes that smoke on their green tray are brought forward,
the kid with horns just budding from his gentle brow, and -the
apples still hanging on their boughs, after the manner of the lustral
rite, whereby our whole company purifies itself for the goddess and
praises her for the year's capture3.' It is a legitimate inference

from this passage that apple-branches
played an important part in the ritual of
Diana Nemorensis4. A. Furtwangler has
acutely recognised the goddess on a whole
series of Italian gems and pastes5. The
specimen here figured exhibits her as a
draped female standing by a wreathed altar
with a stag at her side; she holds an apple-
branch in her right hand, a bowl of apples
in her left (fig. 199)6. Furtwangler was at
first disposed to identify the goddess on
this and other examples of the type with
Nemesis—an identification justified in one
case at least, where she is lifting her hand
towards her chin in the regular Nemesis-
attitude (fig. 200)7. This raises the question whether we have here
Nemesis contaminated with Diana Nemorensis, or whether Nemesis
in her own right could have apple-branch and stag. Pausanias'

1 G. H. Wallis Illustrated Catalogue of Classical Antiquities from the site of the
Temple of Diana, Nemi, Italy Nottingham 1893 p. 34 f. nos. 614, 616—632.

2 Id. ib. p. 35 nos. 633, 634. 3 Gratt. cyneg. 483 ff.

4 I have discussed the matter further in Folk-lore 1906 xvii. 445 f. Note that a votive
offering in the form of an apple made of terra cotta was found by Lord Savile in Diana's
precinct at Nemi (G. H. Wallis op. cit. p. 15 no. 69).

5 Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen i. pis. 20, 66 ; 22, 18, 26, 30, 32, ii. 101, 108 f., iii. 231,
id. Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 37 no. 379 pi. 7, p. 59 f. nos. 856—861 pi. 11.

6 Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen i pi. 22, 18, ii. 108, id. Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 37
no. 379 pi. 7. The gem is a cornelian scarab of the later elongated shape.

7 Furtwangler Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 59 f. no. 858 pi. 11. This is a green paste
banded with blue and white.

Fig. 199