Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

278 The Solar Wheel in Greece

Queen and Diana1.' It thus appears that at Carnuntum the
consort of this Diana-like Nemesis was a human Jupiter—a fact
to be borne in mind when we are comparing the cult of Nemesis
with that of Diana Nemorensis. It may be objected that the cult
of Nemesis at Carnuntum was late, that emperor-worship was
ubiquitous, and that therefore the combination of the former with
the latter was accidental and of no special significance. But the

same combination occurs elsewhere and has
antecedents that deserve investigation. A
copper coin of Akmoneia in Phrygia (fig. 204)2
shows the emperor Septimius Severus gallop-
ing towards a mountain. He holds a whip
in his right hand, and before him flies an
eagle apparently grasping a thunderbolt. On
the mountain are two female figures in the
attitude of Nemesis; at its base is a re-
cumbent youth, naked to the waist, who is
probably meant for the local river-god. The interpretation of this
scene is difficult and in some points doubtful; but at least it is
clear that the emperor, regarded as Zeus, was at Akmoneia brought
into connexion with the Nemeseis. Confirmation is afforded by
a somewhat analogous coin-type of Smyrna. Pausanias a propos
of the Smyrnaeans writes3: ' The present city was founded by
Alexander, son of Philip, in consequence of a vision which he had
in a dream. They say he had been hunting on Mount Pagus, and
when the chase was over he came to a sanctuary of the Nemeses,
and there he lighted on a spring and a plane-tree before the
sanctuary, the tree overhanging the water. As he slept under the
plane-tree the Nemeses, they say, appeared to him, and bade him
found a city there and transfer to it the Smyrnaeans from the old
town. So the Smyrnaeans sent envoys to Clarus to inquire about
the matter, and the god answered them :—

Thrice blest, yea four times, shall they be

Who shall inhabit Pagus beyond the sacred Meles.

So they willingly removed, and they now believe in two Nemeses
instead of one.' Copper coins of Smyrna struck by Marcus
Aurelius4 and Philippus Senior (fig. 205)5 represent this vision of

1 Arch.-ep. Mitth. 1897 xx. 241 f. Nemesi Reg{inae) et Dean(a)e sa{crur?i) etc.

2 Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr. p. 391 f. no. 50 pi. G, 24 (Vienna). Cp. similar coins,
but without the eagle, struck under Volusianus (Imhoof-Blumer op. cit. p. 392 no. 51
pi. G, 25, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 21 pi. 4, 6).

3 Paus. 7. 5. 1 ff. trans. J. G. Frazer. 4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Ionia p. 279.
5 lb. p. 296 pi. 29, 16, G. Macdonald Coin Types Glasgow 1905 p. 171 f. pi. 6, 14.