Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

298 Zeus and the Solar Disk

head, holding a disk which is not stellate1. A stater in the Hunter
collection gives him four wings and a plain disk (fig. 221)2. Another
in the same cabinet makes him both Janiform and four-winged,
placing beneath him the front part of a man-headed bull (fig. 222)3.
Yet another from the same collection adds a bull's head facing us
upon the disk (fig. 223)4. It may fairly be claimed that these coins

Fig. 221. Fig. 222. Fig. 223.

go some way towards connecting the Cilician god with the
Minotaur. F. Imhoof-Blumer would see in him Kronos5, whose
head he identified on a later silver coin of Mallos6. And certainly
this explanation suits the bull's head borne by the Janiform figure;
for Kronos appears elsewhere with that attribute7. But we need
not therefore disallow the comparison with Talos and the Minotaur.
Kronos is essentially connected with both8. Perhaps we may
venture to regard the older disk-bearer as a solar Kronos, the
younger as a solar Zeus. Further, it has been argued by J. N.
Svoronos9 that Mallos in Kilikia was a colony of Malla in Crete,
where the principal cult was that of Zeus Monnztios10. If Svoronos
is right, we are justified in pressing the analogy of the Cretan
solar deities.

1 Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen ii. 467 no. 2 pi. 18, 3, Babelon Monn. gr. rom.
i. 2. 871 f. no. 1391 fig.

2 Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 536 pi. 59, 13, Babelon op. cit. ii. 2. 873 f. pi. 137, 20 cp. 19.

3 Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 536 pi. 59, 11, Babelon op. cit. ii. 2. 872.

4 Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 536 pi. 59, "12, Babelon op. cit. ii. 2. 869 ff. pi. 137, 16 f. See
also E. Gerhard Uber die Kunst der Phonicier Berlin 1848 p. 31 pi- 3, 23.

5 Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen ii. 467.

6 F. Imhoof-Blumer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1572 cp. 1553 figs. 4 f., id. Kleinas.
Miinzen ii. 468 f. pi. 18, 6.

7 On an octagonal altar found at Havange in 1825 and now in the museum at Metz
(P. C. Robert Epigraphie gallo-romaine de la Moselle Paris 1873—1888 p. 37 ff. pis. 2, 2 ;
3, 4—10, Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. ii. 172 fig. 2403).

8 M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1505 f., infra ch. i §6 (h) ii.

9 J. N. Svoronos ' Die Munztypen der Stadt Mallos in Kilikien ' in the Zeitschr. f.
Num. 1888 xvi. 219 ff., id. Numis7natique de la Crete ancienne Macon 1890 i. 241.

10 Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Lnschr. iii. 2. 350 ff. no. 5100, i8f. oi ixtv A\jtti[oi ev
Md\]|\cu iirl MovvltL(co)l, id. iii. 2. 413 no. 5184, 14 avadr}cxoixev els rb lepbv ru> Ztjpos tw
M.owltlu. Coins of Malla in the third or second century B.C. have obv. head of Zeus
bearded and laureate, rev. eagle, thunderbolt (Svoronos op. cit. i. 240 f., Head Hist,
mem.- p. 472).