Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

304 The Lycian Symbol and the Kyklops

radiated three curved lines or crescents. This form occurs at Olba

in Kilikia1 (fig. 234) ; at Thebe
in Mysia2; at Abydos3, Birytos4,
and Rhoiteion5 in the Troad ;
in Makedonia6; at Argos7; and
at Megara8. On the other
hand, the tendency towards
Fig 234> theriomorphism and anthropo-

morphism was also at work.
The addition, already observed, of animal heads to the component
members of the symbol9 was but the commencement of changes, which
were carried further in neighbouring lands. Thus the silver coins of
Aspendosin Pamphylia from about 500 B.C. onwards are character-
ised by three human legs, turned either to the right or to the left, but
radiating from a common centre and so constituting a genuine tri-
skeles™. Sometimes this triskeles is centred about a small four-spoked
wheel11 (fig. 235). Occasionally it is superposed on a lion12 (fig. 236)
or an eagle13 (fig. 237). But usually it consists of three human legs

1 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia etc. pp. liii, 119 pi. 2r, 8f., Head Hist, num.2
p. 727, on bronze coins of Aias, son of Teukros, high-priest of Zeus"0\/3tos, c. 10—
14 a.d. ; and Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins id. p. 124 pi. 22, 7, Head loc. cit., on bronze coins of
M. Antonius Polemo, high-priest, c. 17—36 a.d. G. F. Hill in Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
id. p. liii notes ' that the triskeles occurs as a rock-cut symbol at various places in this
district.' See further infra ch. ii § 9 (h) ii (f).

2 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia p. 179, Head Hist, num.2 p. 538 ('three crescents
united') on a bronze coin of the fourth century b.c.

3 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Troas etc. p. 2 pi. r, 8 on a silver coin c. 411—387 b.c.: the
three curves radiating from a common centre are inscribed in a circle.

4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Troas etc. pp. xlv, 41 pi. 8, 5, Head Hist, num.2 p. 542, on
a bronze coin c. 300 b.c. : the three curves are enclosed by a circle.

5 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Troas etc. p. xxxi f., Head Hist, num.2 p. 548, on a unique
silver coin c. 350—300 b.c.

6 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Macedonia etc. p. 9 f., Head Hist, num.2 p. 234 (' crescent-
rayed star'), on silver coins c. 185—168 b.c.: in the centre of a round Macedonian shield
is a wheel-like ornament of six or four crescents radiating from a central dot and enclosed
by a circle. See P. Gardner 'Ares as a Sun-god ' in the Num. Chron. New Series 1880
xx. 49 ff.

7 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Peloponnesus p. 140 on a silver coin of the fourth century b.c.

8 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Attica p. 118 pi. 21, 2 f., Head Hist, num.'1 p. 393, on silver
coins of the fourth century b.c. : five or three crescents radiating from a central dot and
enclosed by a circle.

9 Supra p. 300 f.

10 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia etc. pp. lxxiif., 93 ff. pi. 19 ff., Babelon Monn. gr. rom.
ii. 1. 524 ff. pi. 23, 11—21, Head Hist, num.2 p. 699 f.

11 Babelon Monn.gr. rom. ii. 1. 525 ff. pi. 23, 12; 527 f. pi. 23, 16.

12 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia etc. p. 94 pi. 19, 6, Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 1.
529 ff. pi. 23, 20 f., Head Hist. nu?n.2 p. 699.

13 Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 507 pi. 58, 1, Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 1. 529 f. no. 868. On
the three-legged crow of Chinese legend and the eight-handed ( = many-handed) crow of