Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

The Kyklops of the East and West 315

powers1. Ra himself was fused with the Theban deity Amen, and
a hymn written in the time of the twentieth or twenty-first dynasty
for the great resultant god Amen-Ra says :

' Thou art the beautiful Prince, who risest like the sun with the White

Crown, and thou art the lord of radiant light and the creator of brilliant rays____

Thy flame maketh thine enemies to fall, and thine Eye overthroweth the Sebdit
fiends2.'

Ra was likewise fused with Tern the local sun-god of Annu,
that is On or Heliopolis, thus forming the double god Ra-Tem3 :
accordingly we hear of the Eye of Tern as another designation of
the sun4. Lastly, Ra was fused with Horos5 (Heru), who was
regarded as the Face (Her or Hra) of heaven, and said to have
two eyes, the sun being the right eye, and the moon the left6. But
these numerous descriptions of the sun as the eye of this, that, or
the other deity by no means prevented the Egyptians from depict-
ing it in curiously incongruous ways. For example, Amen-hetep iv
or Amenophis iv, the Horos of Manethon, about the year 1430 B.C.,
despite the first element in his own name, cut himself off from the
old capital Thebes and the Theban cult of Amen. He adopted a
new name, Khut-en-Aten, and founded a new capital, Khut-Aten,
some two hundred miles south of Cairo on the east bank of the
Nile : the site of his foundation is now marked by the Arab villages
of Haggi Kandil and Tell el-'Amarna. Khut-en-Aten means the
1 Spirit' or ' Glory of Aten'; and Khut-Aten, the ' Horizon of
Aten.' This Aten was a very old Egyptian deity, whose original
home was near Annu or Heliopolis. 'Aten,' says Dr Wallis
Budge, 'was the physical body of the SunV And monuments of
Khut-en-Aten often show the king, with or without his family,
illuminated by the sun's rays8. In these representations the rays

1 E. A. Wallis Budge The Gods of the Egyptians i. 422 f. Meh-urt, ib. i. 365 Hathor,
ib. i. 446 Bast, ib. i. 517 Sekhet. Id. Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection i. 144, 346,
ii. 172, 203, 277, 328.

2 E. A. Wallis Budge The Gods of the Egyptians ii. 8.

3 E. A. Wallis Budge ib. i. 330, ii. 87.

4 E. A. Wallis Budge ib. i. 158, 305, 446 identified with Bast.

5 G. Maspero op. cit. pp. 100, 137.

6 E. A. Wallis Budge The Gods of the Egyptians i. 467, cp. ib. i. 109, 165, 202, 248,
363» 457, Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection ii. 386 Index s.v. ' Eye of Horus,'
G. Maspero op. cit. pp. 88, 92.

7 E. A. Wallis Budge A History of Egypt London 1902 iv. 119, The Gods of the
Egyptians ii. 73.

8 E. A. Wallis Budge A History of Egypt iv. 120, 127, 133, The Gods of the Egyptians
ii- 7°> 73> 74. 77- ■