Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Ritual Horns 5 1

Similarly ram's horns affixed to an altar (fig. 381)1 became
volutes curving either downwards (figs. 382s, 383", 3844) or upwards
(fig. 385)5; and these volutes in turn were combined with a simple
(fig- 385) or more elaborate pediment (fig. 386)6 and treated as
architectural akroteria. The climax of magnificence is reached in
the Ludovisi altar, which has both sculptured fenders and upturned
decorative volutes7. The fenders, as viewed from the side, still
bear some faint resemblance to the : Minoan' altar-horns.

Here and there religious con-
servatism retained clearer traces of
the old usage. The keraton at Delos
was, according to Kallimachos,
constructed by Apollon from the
horns of the goats shot by Artemis

',. Fig. 387.

on Mount Kynthos8; according to

Plutarch, from left horns9 or from right horns only10. Again, the
Kabeiros of Thessalonike had a horn, which was either planted
in the ground beside him11 or fixed on a base resembling an altar1-.

1 From a ' Caeretan' hydria at Vienna (Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei i.
255 ff. pi. 51). Cp. W. Robertson Smith Lectures on the Religion of the Semites'2 London
1907 p. 478 on the horns of sheep figured upon the cippi of Tanit.

2 From a late black-figured amphora at Berlin (Gerhard Auserl. Vasenb. iv. 5 f.
pi. 241, 3 f.).

3 From a red-figured kdntharos by Nikosthenes at Boston (Wien. Vorlegebl. 1890—
1891 pi. 7, 2).

4 From a red-figured kylix by Hieron at Heidelberg (Wien. Vorlegebl. C pi. 2).

5 From a red-figured kdlpis formerly in the Canino collection (Gerhard Auserl.
Vasenb. i. 96 ff. pi. 28).

Cp. the great altar of Demeter at Pergamon (W. Dorpfeld in the Ath. Mitth.
1910 xxv. 374 ff. fig. 7 and pi. 18) with its finely carved upstanding 'horn' (F. Studniczka
in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1911 xxvi. 71 fig. 14), and the still greater altar
built by Hermokreon at Parion in Mysia (Strab. 487, 588, Eustath. in II. p. 355, 15 f.)
which appears on coppers of the town c. 350—300 B.C. or later (fig. 113 : Brit. Mus. Cat.
Coins Mysia p. 97 ff. pi. 21, 10—13, Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr. p. 250 nos. 114—116,
Head Hist, mem.'2, p. 531).

6 From a red-figured kylix by Hieron at Berlin (Wien. Vorlegebl. A pi. 4).

7 F. Studniczka loc. cit. p. 76 f. figs. 16—17.

8 Kallim. h. Ap. 60 ff. 9 Plout. v. Thes. 21.

10 Plout. de sollert. an. 35.

11 Supra p. 108 fig. 79..

12 Supra p. 108 f. figs. 80, 81.

Cp. the single horns of stone found in a neolithic pillar-precinct at Terlizzi in Apulia
(A. Mosso and F. Samarelli in the Not. Scavi 1910 p. 116 ff.), the single horns of earthen-
ware found in several Sicilian burying-grounds or settlements—Castelluccio, Monteracello,
etc.—of the chalcolithic age (Orsi 'Necropoli e Stationi Sicule di transizione' in the
Bullettino dipaletnologia italiana Third Series 1907 xxxiii. 92 ff.), and the single horns of
earthenware found in a bronze-age sanctuary of the early Sicilians at Cannatello near
Girgenti (A. Mosso in the Mon. d. Line. 1907 xviii. 573 ff., T. E. Peet The Stone and
Bronze Ages in Italy and Sicily Oxford 1909 p. 451 ff. fig. 250).

C.

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