Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Marriage of the Sun and Moon in Crete 537

Willows1^),' Pausanias saw a statue of Orpheus with Telete at his
side'2. And in Polygnotos' great fresco of the Underworld at
Delphoi Orpheus was painted leaning against a willow and touch-
ing its branches with his hand8, just as Telete in this relief stands
beside the tree close up against its foliage. Both he and she derived
fertility from contact with the sacred tree. The relief from Loukou
was probably set up over the grave of an Orphic votary. The
Sphinx spells Chios; and J. N. Svoronos cites an example of the
rare name Epiktesis from a Chian inscription4. We may therefore
unreservedly accept the view propounded by this acute scholar,
that the dead woman, thanks to her well-omened name, was con-
ceived henceforward as a new heroine of ' Increase' to be reverenced
along with the older goddess of' Fertility5.'

Details apart, it is abundantly clear that Europe was at first an
earth-goddess worshipped at Gortyna in a sacred tree. For all
that, there is good reason to think that she ultimately came to be
regarded as the moon. Her mother was Telephassa%, the ' Far-
shining,' or, according to another and probably older account,
Argiofte7, the ' Bright-eyed,' both names being possible appellations
of a moon-goddess. Europe herself bore an equivocal title, which
to ancient8, as to modern9, speculation would readily suggest the
' Broad-eyed' moon. W. H. Roscher compares it with that of
Euryphdessa, the 'Broad-shining' mother of Selene10. He also
points out that Europe riding a white bull11 resembles Selene riding

1 Boisacq Diet. etym. de la Langue Gr. p. 243 (after A. Fick and F. Solmsen)
cp. Viminalis. But see now Bolte in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. viii. 1.

2 Paus. 9. 30. 4. 3 Paus. 10. 30. 6.

4 G. I.Zolotasin'A^axx.353 ETTIKTHSII TOII EAY[THX] YIOIS «.r.X.

5 Svoronos Ath. ATationalmus. p. 339 f.

6 T7)\€<pdaa-<ra (Mosch. 2. 40 ff.), Tr)\e<pacr<Ta (Apollod. 3. 1. 1, 3. 4. r, Steph. Byz.
s.v. Qdaos), T^Xetpdrj (schol. Eur. Rhes. 28, Steph. Byz. s.v. Adpdavos), TrjXecpT) (schol.
Eur. Pkoen. 5).

7 Pherekyd. frag. 40 {Frag. hist. Gr. i. 83 Muller) ap. schol. Ap. Rhod. 3. 1185,
Hyg. fab. 6, 178, 179, cp. Lact. Plac. in Stat. Theb. 2. 289 where L. reads Agriopes.

3 Eustath. in II. p. 141, 25 ft", cp. evpio-wa Tievs with "H/xi ^oQttls and with ~EiVp<inrri,
but offers as alternative renderings 'large-eyed' and 'loud-voiced.' Id. ib. p. 955, 19 f.
cp. 'Eptdi7ris with (3ou>Trcs and with 'EvpuTrrj.

9 Supra p. 531 n. 3.

10 W. H. Roscher Uber Selene und Verwandtes Leipzig 1890 pp. 95, 128ft and in the
lex. Myth. ii. 3192. Euryphaessa was, however, the mother of Helios, not of Selene
(h. He I. 2).

11 Phrynichos frag. 16 Nauck2 ap. Eustath. in Od. p. 1430, 63 ft /cat ravpos
apyL/j,r)t7)s jjyovi> XevKos, (paai, irapa QpvvLxq b diaKofxlaas rr\v EupuTT-qp, Hesych.
dpyLfx-qras ravpos ' raxv/xrjris. 7) XevKos wapaydoyus. Xeyerai de iiri rod diaKoixicravTos
rrjv ~Etvpbnrr)v. A. Nauck cj. apyi/uLeruiros, cp. Mosch. 2. 85 kjjkXos 5' apyticpeos /meo-aw
pidpfxai.pe fxerwiry, Ach. Tat. 2. 15 ei 5' 6 jxvOos Ei)pw7r?7S dX-rjOrjs, My^irriov (iovv 6 Zei)s
ep-Lpirjcaro.