Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

538 Marriage of the Sun and Moon in Crete

on a bull or drawn in a chariot by white bulls or cows1, and that
Europe2, like Selene3, was regarded as a huntress. His argument
will appeal to the eye, if we compare the common Greek type of
Europe with certain Roman types of Selene (fig. 408)4, of Artemis
Tauropolos (fig. 409)5, and of Nike riding on the lunar Apis
(fig. 410)6.

Fig. 408. Fig. 409. Fig. 410.

Europe, however, does not become demonstrably lunar till she
reaches Phoinike7 and is identified with Astarte. The most im-
portant piece of evidence is a passage in the treatise On the Syrian
Goddess:

'There is another large temple in Phoinike, at Sidon. The Sidonians call
it the temple of Astarte, and Astarte I take to be Selenaia. But, as one of the
priests informed me, it is the temple of Europe the sister of Kadmos. She was
the daughter of king Agenor, and after her disappearance the Phoenicians
honoured her with the temple and told a pious tale about her to the effect that
Zeus, desirous of her beauty, took the form of a bull and carried her off, bearing

1 Supra p. 456.

2 Pseudo-Eratosth. catast. 33, Poll. 5. 39, Hyg. poet. astr. 2. 35, schol. Caes. Germ.
Aratea p. 414, 5 ff. Eyssenhardt.

3 W. H. Roscher JJber Selene und Verzvandtes Leipzig 1890 p. 92 ff., id. Nachtriige
zu meiner Schrift iiber Selene und Verzvandtes Leipzig 1895 p. 32 f., and in the Lex.
Myth. ii. 3168 f.

4 From a denarius of L. Valerius Acisculus (46—-45 B.C.) in my collection : obv.
ACISCVLVS Filleted head of Apollo as Sol with star above it and hatchet behind it in
border of dots; rev. [L. VALERIVS] Luna with crescent-shaped veil riding ox towards
the right. The types are so interpreted by W. H. Roscher Uber Selene und Verzvandtes'
Leipzig 1890 pp. 169—171, pi. 3, 6, id. Nachtriige zu meiner Schrift iiber Selene und

Verzvandtes Leipzig 1895 p. 42 with fig. on p. 37, id. in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 3137
with fig. Other explanations in Babelon Mon. rep. rom. ii. 515, 519 figs, and Brit. Mus.

Cat. Rom. Coins, Rep. i. 534 f. n. 2 pi. 53, 1—3.

Cp. Ach. Tat. 1. 4. TOLavTTjv eldov eyw iror ezri raupip yeypapifxevrji/ SeAiji^.

5 From, a copper of Amphipolis, struck by Tiberius, in my collection :
AM^ITTOAITHN, cp. Morell. Thes. Num. Imp. Rom. i. 615 pi. 11, 22—23, Rasche
Lex. Num. i. 545, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Macedonia, etc. pp. 50, 52 ff., Hunter Cat.
Coins i. 278 ff., Head Hist, num? p. 2i6f. See further K. Wernicke in Pauly—Wissowa
Real-Enc. ii. 1399 f*

6 From a gem in P. D. Lippert Daktyl. Serin. 3 no. 61 (Muller—Wieseler Denkm.
d. alt. Kunst ii. 125 pi. 16, 176a).

7 On Europe in Phoinike see J. Escher-Burkli in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 1291,
who rejects the combinations of Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 251 ff.