Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Iupiter Heliopolitanus and the Bull 571

composed of the solar disk with two uraeus-snakes. In the centre
of his body-sheath appears a beardless herm wearing a kdlathos;
and below, a lion's head representing the djinn1, who bore the
Grecised name Gennaios2. Of the six busts visible on either side
of the herm, the upper two are Helios with a nimbus and Selene
with a crescent, then a deity with a kdlathos and a nude Hermes (?),

{Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4536 = Kaibel Epigr. Gr. no. 835 Ba\/j,apKdod, KoLpave Kibfxuv,
cp. Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 1. 3 r7*2), Latinised as Iupiter Balmarcodes (Dessau
Inscr. Lat. sel. nos. 4327 Iovi Balmarcodi, 4328 I. o. m. Balmarcodi), who is known to
have been called Kvpios Tevvaios, Gennaeus Dominus (F. Cumont in Pauly—Wissowa
Real-Enc. ii. 2834 f., vii. 1174, infra n. 2) ; and that the lower part of the relief closely
resembles the base of a marble statuette from Byblos, now in the American College at
Beirut, which shows the two bulls, the lion's head, and three busts above it (Herakles ? ;
a goddess ? with veil; a goddess ?).

1 On djinn > Tewahs see R. Dussaud in the Rev. Arch. 1903 i. 374 n. 4, 381 n. 2 = id.
Notes de mythologie syrienne Paris 1903 p. 57 n. 4, p. 64 n. 2, cp. id. 1905 p. 85 f.

2 There was a lion-shaped image of Tevvcuos in the temple of Zeus at Heliopolis
(Damaskios v. Isidor. ap. Phot. bibl. p. 348 b 4 f. Bekker rbv de Yevvaiov "WKiovTroXirai.
TL/xQiaLV ev Atds IdpvcrdfAevoi [xopcprjv riva Xeovros. Infra ch. ii § 10 (a)). Ba^al-Marqod
at Deir el-Qalala was entitled Ktipios Tevvaios (Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 589
[Ki/jpt'wt [T]e\v]\vaiip Ba\\/u,apKu>5i | rc^ /cat Mr]\ypb, /ca[r]a j KeXevcn[v] | deov ' A\pe/j,dr)\vov
MatjLfjios I evxapt-crrl&v dve\dr)Ka) or Gennaeus Dominus {Corp. inscr. Lat. iii no. 6673
Gen(naeo) Dom[ino] | Balmarc[odi] | C. Vinni[..]). A Palmyrene god, presumably
Malakbel (R. Dussaud in the Rev. Arch. 1903 i. 374 = id. Notes de mythologie syrienne
Paris 1903 p. 57), is called Qebs Tevveas (Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 637 Qeip
Tewtq TLarpyy MafaPpdvas | /cat Map/cos vibs avrov dvedr/Kav | Ztovs p.y}vbs
Avcrrpov i.e. in March 196 a.d.). At Kefr-Nebo, twelve or thirteen hours' ride from
Aleppo, is a dedication of an oil-mill etc. to a triad of gods including one simply described
as Atcov (V. Chapot in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1902 xxvi. 181 ff. no. 26 2et/xtc^ /cat
"EvfApervXci) /cat Aeovn deois Trarpcfois to \ €kcuo\r~\pbiri.ov ovv KaracrKevrj irdcrrj k.t.X.—
dated in the year 223 a.d.) and an inscription at Ny-Carlsberg of uncertain provenance
(Leontopolis ? cp. Strab. 812, Ail. de nat. an. 12. 7; or Heliopolis??) mentions the
sanctuary of a god bearing the same name (Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 732
BacnAet IlToXe/xaiojL \ deGn. '~Eiwupavei /cat Ei)xa/9t|crrwt /cat jSafrtXtW^t KXeo|7rctrpat
'AttoWJjvlos ''kv\TLiraTpov, ypajbL/uLarevs \ 'OpvvfAevovs, 6 /cat to i\epbv rod Aeovros Kal \
raXAa ra irpoaKvpovra \ tQl iepQi idpvfjitvos v\Trep avr&v—to be dated after 193/2 b.c
but before 187/6 b.c.).

These leonine gods were solar (R. Dussaud Notes de mytho-
logie syrienne Paris 1905 pp. 85 f., 91 f.), and G. F. Hill in
the fourn. Hell. Stud. 1911 xxxi. 59 pi. 3, 8 has recognised
as Tevvaios the lion that appears on coins of Berytos with a
radiate head under Valerian (Rasche Lex. Num. i. 1514, iv.
1570, cp. 1580) and with a globe on his head under Gallienus
{Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phoenicia pp. xlviii f., lix, 92 pi. 11,
6 = my fig. 438). A similar significance probably attached to
the lion's head with a ball, often radiate, emerging from its ^' ^

brow on early electrum coins struck in the time of Alyattes?, 610 —
561 b.c. (D. G. Hogarth Excavations at Ephesus London 1908
pp. 82 ff., 90 ff. pis. 1, 32—51, 2, 52—73, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Lydia pp. xix, 1—4 pi. 1, 1—10, Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 1. 35 ff.,
50 f. pi. 2, 4—16, Head Hist, num? p. 644 f.) : fig. 439 is from a
specimen in my collection. Fig. 439.