Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Adad or Ramman and the Bull 581

traces of the association between the god and the animal may be
seen both in the colossal bulls which form a feature of Assyrian art
and were placed at the entrance to temples and palaces, and in the
bull as the decoration of columns in the architecture of the Persian
period1.'

With the bulls of En-lil Dr Jastrow further compares the golden
calf made by Aaron at the foot of Mount Sinai2 and the golden
calves set up at Bethel and at Dan by Jeroboam3. The use of
gold for these images was perhaps symbolic of the fiery deity whom
they represented4. A magnificent thunderbolt of wood thickly
overlaid with pure gold, and manifestly broken off from a cult-
statue of Adad, has been found near his temple at Ashur5. And
on the Berlin bronze of the Heliopolitan god5 J. Rouvier detected
traces of gilding7.

The foregoing facts may serve to throw light on a dark passage
in the magical papyrus at Paris :

' Zeus went up into the mountain with a golden calf and a silver knife. To
all he gave a share. To Amara alone he gave none, but said : "Let go that
which thou hast, and then thou shalt receive—psinother noftsither themofisi*?"

A. Dieterich9 supposed that this ascent of the mountain was a
ceremony in the cult of Zeus Pandmaros™, whose consort might
have borne the uncompounded name Amdra. E. Riess11 suggests
that Amara was an otherwise unknown Egyptian deity12. I would
rather infer from the mention of the golden calf and the mountain

1 E.g. Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de V Art ii. 280 f., 334 ff. ; v. 486 ff.

2 Ex. 32. 1 ff.

3 1 Kings 12. 28 ff. See further the learned dissertation of S. Bochart Hierozoicon
rec. E. F. C. Rosenmliller Lipsiae 1793 i. 339—375 ('De aureis Aaronis et Ieroboami
Vitulis')-

,4 Cf. infra ch. i § 6 (g) xx (6), ch. ii § 3 (c) iii, ch. ii § 3 (c) iv (e).

5 W. Andrae Der Anu-Adad-Tempel in Assur Leipzig 1909 p. 77 f. pi. 34.

6 Supra p. 574 n. 2.

7 R. Dussaud Notes de mythologie syrienne Paris 1905 p. 125.

8 C Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyrus von Paris und London Wien 1888 p. 41 pap.
Par. 825 ff. ave(3r) Zeus eis epos ( — opos) xpwro!> fxo&xov ex^v \ K<xi /xdxcupct?' apyvpeav iracnv
/mepos iire\dcoKei'' 'A/xdpa jxbvov ou/c e'dunev, elirev \ de " e£<x'0es 6 e'xets, KCtL Tore \rj\pei
ipivwdep I vw^iBep depiroo^i." The cabalistic formula with which this extract ends is found
again in the Gnostic Pistis Sophia p. 375 Schwartze xptvwdep depw^ptv co^idep spoken by
Jesus to His Father (F. Granger in the Class. Rev. 1912 xxvi. 191).

9 A. Dieterich Eine Mithrasliturgie'1 Leipzig and Berlin 1910 pp. 20 f., 220 f., id.
Kleine Schriften Leipzig and Berlin 1911 p. 501.

10 Supra p. 21.

11 E. Riess in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i.. 1726.

12 Id. ib. cites Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4908 (Philai) ' Ajxapiuv | /m/j.os. For a gilded
cow in an Egyptian rite see Plout. de Is. et Os. 39 oi iepeis aWa re dpuicrc (TKvdptoira /cat
j3odv 5t.&xpvo-ov t/xartw fiiXavi /3vcr<rlvip irepifiaXKovTes eiri irtvdei t?]S deov deLKvvovcri {^ovv
yap"laidos eiiibva kclI yr)i> vofAi£ov<riv) eiri rerrapas 7]/nepas awo tt)s e(356p:7)s eiri deica e^ijs.