Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Ba^al-tars and Zeus Tersios 597

of Babylon under Alexander the Great, 331—328 B.C.1, Bctal-tars
loses his distinctive attributes altogether. And on later pieces
struck by the generals of Alexander, e.g. by Seleukos in 321-316
and 312—306 B.C. (fig. 458)2, he drops not only his attributes but

Fig. 458.

also his title Ba'al-tars and appears as a purely Hellenic Zeus.
In the third century B.C. he was known at Tarsos as Zeus
Terszos3.

The identification of Sandas with Zeus was due partly to the
fact that Sandas was the chief god of the district4 and partly to the

1 Id. ib. ii. 2. 475 ff. pi. 114, 21 f.

2 Id. ib. ii. 2. 481 ff- pi. 115, 3—5, 7f., iof., 14—17, 2i—25. I figure a specimen
in my collection.

3 Eustath. in Dionys. per. 867 'Bparoadev^s 5e (p-qai rr\v KXrjcriv rrj 7r6Aet elvai awb
Alos Tepaiov rots e/cet KaXov/aevov. oi 8e (pacrc Hepabv rairpCora 5ia rod e crroLxeLov ovojxa-
(rdrjvac rr\v irokiv, 8ia to rovs e/cet irpcbrovs avvayaybvras Kapvbv ■xXwpbv repcrrjpaL, 6 gcttl
^r/pdvai, /cat eis xet^cDz'os airodiffdai rpocprjv. Cp. Steph. Byz. s.v. Tapcros.

Among the commonest types of the later copper coins of Tarsos is that of Zeus
enthroned (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. pp. 177, 181 ff., 190, 192 pis. 32, 12, 33,
4—9, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 548 f. pi. 60, 12, Head Hist, hum? p. 732 f.).

4 Another Cilician god, Olymbros, who passed as being the brother of Sandas (Steph.
Byz. s.v." Khava' ...1(Jtl 8e 6 "A8ai>os Trjs /cat Ovpavou irats, nal "Octtcutos /cat lidvdTjs /cat
Kpovos /cat 'Pea /cat 'lawerbs /cat "OXv/a^pos), was worshipped ^^——^

by natives of Anazarbos as Zeus 'OXtifipios or 'OAtf/fyts (Inscr. X^^^^lIu^Pr\
Gr. Sic. It. no. 991 a small marble stele found on the /
Esquiline Att '0\v(3pi{ip) or '0\vj3pt \ rod KiKUuv \ edvovs / o^__| fy,
rrjs I \(afxirpoTCLT7]s) ix{y)rpoir6\eus) 'Avafap | fieoiv Avp{r]\ios) | / o ^ \
Map/cos o-TaTwp I evxv* X&PLV)- High up in an almost in- \ o^^iT^pf j
accessible cave on the mountain behind Anazarbos {Ana- J
varza) is another dedication to Zeus (E. L. Hicks in the \> .^s^s^^^ J
Jour. Hell. Stud. 1890 xi. 238 no. 4 Att /cat "Hpa Yafir/Xia xs^O¥lL^S^'
/cat I "Apet deois ttoXlouxois | '¥r)ye'iva,Ao-Kkyjiriabov \ o~Kryirrpo-

(popovaa iepa virep \ tt}s 7r6Aec6s [re] /cat rrjs \ (3ov\ijs, iiri ^ ^

tepews de&v \ 'Ayptwv Zetrou TavpiaKov \ erovs j3op = 153 a.d. or possibly 192 a.d.).
And the debs Karaift&rrjs is coupled with Persephone in an inscription on the ' tomb of
the eunuch' (R. Heberdey and A. Wilhelm Reisen in Kilikien Wien 1896 p. 38 no. 94 d).
An imperial copper of Anazarbos struck by Claudius (?) has a bust of Zeus, laureate,
placed in front of a rock crowned with a fortress (fig. 459 = Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr.
p. 349 no. 10 pi. F, 20: on this fortress see V. Langlois 'Anazarbe et ses environs' in
the Rev. Arch. 1856 xiii. 361—370 pi. 290 f.). Other Zeus-types occur on the coinage
of the town {Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. pp. cvi, 31, 34 pis. 5, 10, 6, 4,
Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 527, Head Hist, man? p. 7 l6 f. I figure an unpublished specimen