Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

6oo The Bull and the Sun in Syria

is both winged and horned. He is draped and wears a tall head-
dress. He carries bow-case and sword, and grasps a double-axe
in his left hand. Occasionally also, as befits a god of fertility, he
holds a branch1 or flower (fig. 463)'2 or wreath (fig. 4.64)*. He
thus differs widely from the Grecised representation of him as
Herakles. Indeed, we should not know him for the same deity,
were it not that he is sometimes nude (fig. 463)* and always
stretches forth his right hand in what is clearly a characteristic
gesture5.

Certain coins struck at Tarsos by the Seleucid kings of Syria
from Alexandras i Balas (150—146 B.C.) to Antiochos ix Kyzikenos
(113—95 B.C.) show Sandas between two small cones or altars on

Fig. 465. Fig. 466.

a pyramidal structure topped by an eagle with spread wings
(figs. 465, 466)6. This erection has been thought to represent the
' Pyre' made for Herakles (Sandas) at the Tarsian festival of Pyrd7.

normally represented with his head full-face, not in profile : see E. Pottier ' Histoire
d'une bete ' in the Revue de Part ancien et moderne 1910 p. 419, H. G. Spearing The
Childhood of Art London 1912 p. 138 ff.). He wears a short tunic, shoes with upturned
toes, and a conical fluted hat. He grasps a staff in his outstretched right hand and a
double-axe in his left, while a short dagger hangs by his belt (J. Garstang The Land
of the Hittites London 1910 p. 222 f. pi. 65, cp. p. 228 f. pi. 71 ; bibliography ib. p. 396).

1 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. p. 179 pi. 32, 16.

2 Ib. p. 179 pi. 33, i (flower with three petals), Imhoof-Blumer and O. Keller Tier-
tend Pflanzenbilder auf Miinzen und Gemmen des klassischen Altertzims Leipzig 1889
p. 70 pi. 12, 7 ( = my fig. 463).

3 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. p. 178 pi. 32, 14, p. 186 pi. 34, 2, p. 206
pi. 36, 9, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 548 pi. 60, n, Imhoof-Blumer and O. Keller op. cit.
p. 70 f. pi. 12, 8, 9.

4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. p. 179 pi. 33, 1, Imhoof-Blumer and O. Keller
op. cit. p. 70 pi. 12, 7.

5 I take this gesture to be expressive of power. In the Old Testament a ' stretched
out arm' is constantly found with that connotation (Ex. 6. 6, Deut. 4. 34, 5. 15, 7. 19,
9. 29, 11. 2, 1 Kings 8. 42, 2 Kings 17. 36, alib.).

6 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc. p. i8of. pi. 33, 2, 3, Hunter Cat. Coins ii.
548, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Seleucid Kings of Syria p. 72 pi. 28, 8, p. 78 pi. 21, 6, p. 89
pi. 24, 3, p. 112, Head Hist, num.2 p. 732 f., P. Gardner Types of Gk. Corns p. 206
pi. 14, 17, Anson Num. Gr. v pi. 2, 50 f., 53—55.

7 So e.g. P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 206, Head Hist, num.2 p. 733 (' probably
the pyre' etc.). Mr G. F. Hill in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia, etc.