Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

606 The Bull and the Sun in Syria

a leash. On another cylinder in the collection of J. Pierpont
Morgan (fig. 503)1 he again holds the crouched bull by a leash, and
on it stands a nude festoon-bearing goddess, the prototype of
Europe2. Finally, on another Hittite cylinder in the British
Museum (fig. 477)3 the god is seen standing, like Ramman4, on
the bull's back.

In classical times this long-lived deity drew his cult-epithet
from Doliche, a little town5 in the Syrian district of Kommagene,
on the road from Germanikeia to Zeugma. The rocky hill, on
which his temple once stood, is still called Tell Diiliik and is now
crowned by the small chapel of a Mohammedan saint, the successor
of Dolicheniis himself6. Strangely enough the monuments illus-

trative of the ancient cult have, with a single exception, been found
outside the limits of Asia. The said exception (fig. 478)7 is a
limestone stele discovered in or near Mar'ash, hardly a day's journey
from Doliche, and probably dating from the first century B.C.
It represents in an architectural frame-work the god standing up-
right on a small bull, which appears to be moving from left to
right. He is a bearded figure, whose raised right hand held some
attribute now broken off, in all probability a double axe, and whose
left hand grasps a thunderbolt. He is clad in Persian costume,

accompanied by the divine attendant (sukallu) stands before the god, who carries a
bundle of weapons. In the field is a star (or sun) and the Egyptian crux ansata.

1 W. H. Ward in M. Jastrow Bildermappe zur Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens
Giessen 1912 p. 103 pi. 51, no. 186, infra p. 64-).

2 So H. Prinz in the Ath. Mitth. 1910 xxxv. 169 n. 2 {supra p. 526 n. 2).

3 Published by W. H. Ward in the Am.Journ. Arch. 1899 iii. 21 fig. 23.

4 Supra p. 577 fig. 446.

5 Theodoret. hist. eccl. 5. 4.

6 K. Humann and O. Puchstein Reiscn in Kleinasien mid Nordsyrien Berlin 1890
p. 400.

7 Id. id. p. 399 fig. 58, Kan op. cit. p. 35 no. 1.