Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

Zeus Doiichatos and Iupiter Dolichenus 6ig

shield, and beside him his northern attribute—a goose with out-
stretched neck.

A fragment of another bronze plate, similar in character to
the foregoing, was found in 1895 on the Roman frontier at Aalen
in Wiirttemberg (perhaps to be identified with Aquileia in Upper
Germania) and is now at Stuttgart1. It was originally triangular
in shape, gilded, and adorned with analogous designs. In the
middle is a tree with leaves and fruit. To the left of it stands
Dolichenus on his bull ; to the right, his consort on her cow. Below
him was a helmeted god, probably Mars ; below her, Minerva,
beside whom appears part of the god flanked by two bulls.

At Heddernheim in Hesse-Nassau two triangular plates of cast
bronze were found in 1841 and 1826, respectively, during the
excavation of a Roman settlement on the Heidenfeld : they are
preserved in the Museum for Nassau Antiquities at Wiesbaden'2.
One of these plates is fortunately complete. Its front (pi. xxxiv)3
contains four rows of figures. Uppermost is a rayed bust of the
Sun. Below that, a Victory with palm-branch and wreath hovers
over the head of Iupiter Dolichenus. He is represented as a bearded
god with a Phrygian cap and a Roman breast-plate. At his side
hangs his sword in its scabbard. His right hand brandishes a
double-axe; his left grasps a thunderbolt consisting of six spirally-
twisted tines, each of which is tipped with an arrow-head. The
bull that supports the god has a rosette on its forehead between
the eyes4. The lowest register is filled with a motley assemblage of

1 Kan op. cit. p. 58 f. no. 63, F. Haug and G. Sixt Die romischen Inschriften und
Bildwerke Wiirttembergs Stuttgart 1900 i. 43 ff. no. 57 fig. 23.

2 A. von Cohausen Fiihrer durch das Altertumsmuseum zu Wiesbaden p. 236.

3 Kan op. cit. p. 103 f. no. 145, b, Custos Seidl loc. cit. xii. 39 pi- 3, 3, Overbeck Gr.
Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 271 f., Miiller—Wieseler—Wernicke op. cit. ii. r. 54 f. pi. 5, 6.
Seidl's illustration being inexact (Wernicke loc. cit. p. 54 n.), I have reproduced the
excellent plate given by G. Loeschcke in the Bonner Jahrbiicher 1901 cvii pi. 8. The
bronze triangle is 0.47111 high and 0.195111 broad at the base. It was found in the debris
of an ancient building along with ashes, charcoal, broken pottery and bricks.

4 A slate palette from a pre-dynastic grave at El Gerzeh shows a cow's head with
five-pointed stars on the tips of its horns and ears and a six-pointed star above its fore-
head between the horns (W. M. Flinders Petrie—G. A. Wainwright—E. Mackay The
Labyrinth Gerzeh and Mazghuneh London 1912 p. 22 pi. 6, 7). On a relief from the
neighbourhood of Tyre the bulls of the sun-god and the moon-goddess enclose with their
tails a rosette and a disk with curved rays respectively (R. Dussaud in the Rev. Arch.
1904 ii. 233 fig. 11 —id. Notes de mythologie syrienne Paris 1905 p. 89 fig. 21, F. Pottier
in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1907 xxxi. 241 n. 7). A copper of Lappa in Crete shows
a bull's head facing with a rosette on the forehead (J. N. Svoronos Numismatique
de la Crete ancienne Macon 1890 i. 212-pi. 19, 36 and in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1894 xviii.
118). The magnificent silver cow's head found in the fourth shaft-grave at Mykenai has
its horns made of gold and a large rosette between them plated with gold (Perrot—Chipiez
Hist, de VArt vi. 820 ff. fig. 398). A ' Minoan' krate"r from Arpera in Kypros belonging