Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

The Influence of Apis

637

His effigy is found e.g. on coins of Amastris1 and Germanikopolis2 in
Paphlagonia, of Nikaia3 and Nikomedeia4 in Bithynia, of Hadriano-
thera5 in Mysia, of Mytilene6 in Lesbos, and was adopted by Julian
the Apostate as the very sign and symbol of paganism (fig. 4g6)7.
The far-reaching influence of the Egyptian bull seems even to have
touched the remotest confines of the ancient world. Certain square
silver pieces struck by Apollodotos i show Nandi, Civa's bull,
with a simplified form of the Nandi-pada or ' footprint of Nandi'
on his hump (fig. 497)8. Copper coins of Spain often denote the

sanctity of a bull by placing between his horns a triangular
erection like a pediment, sometimes with a pellet or disk in it
(fig. 498)°. Such devices may or may not imply assimilation to

1 Waddington—Babelon—Reinach Monn. gr. d'As. Mm. i. 139 pi. 18, 27(?), i. 150
pi. 20, 35, i. 152 pi. 20, 40, i. 154 pi. 21, 11, 13 (ATTIC), Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Pontus,
etc. p. 85 pi. 20, 1 (?), p. 87 pi. 20, 9 (?), Head Hist, mini? p. 506 (ATTIC).

2 Waddington—Babelon—Reinach Monn. gr. d'As. Mm. i. 164 pi. 22, i6(?), i. 165
pi. 22, 27 (?), Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Pontus, etc. p. 92 pi. 21, 6 (?), Head Hist, num?
p. 506.

3 Waddington—-Babelon—Reinach Monn. gr. d'As. Min. i. 413 pi. 69, 18 (crescent
over head), 19, i. 423 pi. 71, 24, i. 442 pi. 76, 6 (?), i. 458 pi. 79, 17 (disk between horns),
Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 249 pi. 46, 14.

4 Waddington—Babelon—Reinach Monn. gr. d''As. Min. i. 522 pi. 90, 5 f. (?), i. 547
pi. 94, 26, Brit. Mus. Cat. Corns Pontus, etc. p. i8o(?).

5 Rasche Lex. Num. i. 930, iv. 27 (crescent moon on side), Suppl. i. 894 (moon on
side), Suppl. ii. 1326 (moon on side).

6 Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen ii. 511 f. no. 1 pi. 20, 8 (crescent moon on side).
Id. ib. p. 512 n. 4 cp. Rev. Beige de Num. 1863 pi. 3, 11, Brit. Mus. Cat. Corns Troas,
etc. p. 206 no. 199. ;

7 Rasche op. cit. i. 930 (two stars over horns and neck), ix. 75, 665.

8 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Greek and Scythic Kings p. 34 nos. 10 f. I figure a specimen
in my collection. My friend Prof. E. J. Rapson kindly refers me to his Catalogue of the
Coins of the Andhra Dynasty etc. London 1908 p. clxxv for an account of the Nandi-
pada. He adds (Feb. 11, 1913): 'My impression is that the sign is fairly early in India.
I think the great time for foreign influence of the kind suggested was the first century
A.D. Sarapis, for instance, occurs on coins then. But there can be no doubt that the
Persian Empire was a means of communication between Europe and Egypt on the one
hand and India on the other.'

9 A. Heiss Description generate des monnaies antiques de PEspagne Paris 1870 p. 169

Fig. 496.

Fig. 497.

Fig. 498.