Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

682

Goat instead of Bull

of their child Dionysos1. His life-history, in which I would re-
cognise the prototype of tragedy, was the theme of the Lenaean
performance.

On this showing tragedy belonged by rights to the Lenaia
and was only later attached to the City Dionysia2. Conversely
it might be maintained that comedy belonged by rights to the
City Dionysia and was only later attached to the Lenaia. For
the great god of the City Dionysia was Dionysos Eleuthereus,
whose cult was introduced by Pegasos from Eleutherai3. It is
said that the Athenians at first thought scorn of the god, and that
thereupon they were visited by a phallic disorder, which could not
be cured till, both privately and publicly, they made phalloi in his
honour4. Certainly such phalloi played their part in the City
festival5; and Aristotle believed that comedy took its rise from

addressed to Zeus himself dope. ..dope... dope. ..dope. ..dope. ..dope... (Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath.
1908—1909 xv. 358 line 27 ff.).

Finally, I shquld surmise that in dpiafi(3os we have the weakest grade of the same
root (cp. dpdicrKcj). Hence the association of dpiafifios with didvpa/xfios (Pratinas frag. 1,
16 Hiller—Crusius ap. Athen. 617 f 6 piafifiobt-dvpafifie).

1 The exquisite dithyramb written by Pindar for the Athenians deals expressly with
Zeus, Semele, and Dionysos: Pind. frag. 75 Christ (75 Schroeder) ap. Dion. Hal. de
comp. verb. 22 Aiodev re fie crvv dyXata \ Were tropevdevr aoidav devrepov | eirV KKraoday)
deov, J Upoficov ov t' 'Epi/^oa*' re (3porol KaXeofiev, \ ybvov vtt&tuv fiev irarepcov fie\irefiev \
yvvacKwv re Kadfieiav [1,efie\(r])v~\. k.t.\. Cp. Plat. /egg. 700 b nal dXXo [sc. eWos cpdrjs)
Aiovvcrov yevecns, ot,uat, 5idvpafi/3os \ey6fievos, where yevecns includes yevvnjcris.

Further evidence tending to show that the City Dionysia culminated in the union of
Zeus with Semele and the conception of Dionysos will be adduced, when we come to
consider the festival of the Pandia {infra p. 733).

2 Mommsen Feste d. Stadt Athen p. 379 says 'Zur Zeit des Thespis und der alteren
Dramatiker, im VI. Jahrh. und wohl noch im Anfang des V., hatten die Stadter keine
anderen Schauspieltage als die der Lenaen, denen mithin samtliche in Athen zur
Auffiihrung kommende Stiicke zuzuweisen waren. Das wurde anders, als man, verm,
im V. Jahrh., die stadtischen Dionysien stiftete.' This agrees with the results obtained
by W. Vollgraff 'Dionysos Eleuthereus' in the Ath. Mitth. 1907 xxxii. 567 ff., viz. that
Eleutherai was not incorporated with Athens till shortly before the peace of Nikias
(421 b.c.) and that a temple was built for the xoanon of Dionysos Fletithereus in the
theatre-precinct probably by Nikias himself (c. 420 b.c.). But, in reply to Vollgraff,
Farnell Cutis of Gk. States v. 227 ff. has made it probable that the introduction of
Dionysos Eleuthereus and the constitution (? re-constitution : infra p. 692 n. 4) of the
City Dionysia as his festival took place in the sixth century and were the work of
Peisistratos.

3 Paus. 1.2. 5.

4 Schol. Aristoph. Ach. 243, who describes the <paX\6s as %v\ov eVt^/ces, 'i\ov ev ry
a.Kpu} aKiJTtvov aibdlov e^prir^fievov.

5 Schol. Aristoph. loc. cit. ireiadevres odu tols rjyyeXfievoLS oi ''Adrfvaiot (paWovs idia re
Kai dyjfioalq, xaTeaneiLiaoav, /cat toijtois eyepaipov tov deov, /c.r.A., cp. Corp. inscr. Att. i
no. 31 A 11 ff. = Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 19 a nff. = Michel Recueil dInscr. gr.
no. 72 A 11 ff. (in a decree concerning the colony of Brea, not much earlier than 443/2 b.c.)
fiovv de Kai [irpofiaTa] \ [duo dira]yev is Havadevaia ret fieya\[a Kai es A] j \_iovvo~C]a (paWov,