Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

The Satyric Drama

697

nude figure with equine tail and pointed ear Si/ends1. A stdmnos
in the British Museum (c. 440—400 B.C.) gives the name Silenos
to a nude figure with pointed ear: in this case the horse-tail is
absent, because Silenos has his hands bound behind him and the
hanging cords produce the effect of a tail; other exactly simil'ar
figures on the same vase are tailed like a horse2. An amphora
with volutes in the Jatta collection has again a figure with equine
tail and ear inscribed Silenos*. In view of these vases we may
safely conclude that the type of Silenoi known to Attic painters
in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. was equine, not hircine4.

But beside these horse-creatures Attic vases of the fifth century
represent goat-creatures, who are in no case inscribed. The most
obvious name to give them is Sdtyroi, because the Satyrs of the
Hellenistic and Roman age had undoubtedly the horns, ears, tail,
and tufted hair of goats5. In the absence, however, of a definite
inscription, an argument can be drawn from the nature of the
scenes in which these goatish beings appear. P. Hartwig"
and K. Wernicke7 have between them made out a list of fifteen

1 Furtwangler Vasensaviml. Berlin ii. 690 ff. no. 2471, id. Saniml. Sabouroff Vasen
p. 4 ff. pi. 55, Kretschmer op. cit. p. 132, C Frankel op. cit. pp. 72, 98 f., A. Legrand in
Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. iii. 1489 fig. 4772.

2 Brit. Mus. Cat. Vases iii. 274 f. no. E 447

(£IAENO£), Reinach Rep. Vases
i. 122, E. Braun in the Ann. d. Inst. 1844 xvi. 200 ff., Mon. d. Inst, iv pi. 10, Kretschmer

op. cit. p. 132 (SIAENO*).

3 H. Heydemann Satyr- und Bakchennamen {Winckelmannsfest-Progr. Halle 1880)
p. 3 ff. with pi., L. Deubner in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 21171". fig. 8, F. Hauser in
Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasemnalerei ii. 328 f. fig. 107, C. Frankel op. cit. pp. 72,

98 f. (5IAHN05).

4 Miss Harrison has pointed out to me an interesting possibility. O. Lagercrantz
' Zur Herkunft des Wortes Silen' in the Sertum Philologicum Carolo Ferdinando
Johansson oblatum Goteborg 1910 pp. 117—121 refers criXavos, acXr/vos to a root crc\-
(Indo-Europaean *kel-), whence Thraco-Phrygian * al\d, ' Brunst, Geile, Mutwille der
Hengste,' and *<rl\dvos. He finds a nearly related word in icfjkwv, 'a stallion' (used of
horses, of asses, and of Pan: see Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. iv. 1516 B—c), and further
cp. K7]p6\os (for *K7]\v\o<;: Boisacq Diet, e'tym. de la Langue Gr. p. 451 ' ingenieux, mais
douteux'), KiXias (better Kr)\ias),^cri\cnrop5Ti<Tai, oChqiropbeiv, modern Greek T(ri\Lirovp5u>,
T<7L\nroijpd(.(riiia. But P. Kretschmer in Glotta 1910 ii. 398, ib. 1913 iv. 351 ff. prefers to
derive EiA^os from the Thracian f I\d, ' wine.' Viderint philologi.

5 E. Kuhnert in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 488 ff, 516 ff.

I take this opportunity of publishing (pi. xxxvii) a fine votive mask of terra cotta, said
to have been found near a spring at Anthedon and now in my possession. It measures
8J inches in height, and has three holes for suspension. The eyes and nostrils are
pierced ; but the mouth is not. The face has the snub nose, the ears, the horns, and
even the noneolae of a goat. It is wearing both a head-band and an ivy-wreath. In
short, it has all the characteristics of a Satyric choreutes. Mr H. B. Walters, on grounds
of style, refers it to the Hellenistic period.

6 P. Hartwig in the Rom. Mitth. 1897 xii. 89 ff.

7 K. Wernicke in Hermes 1897 xxxii. 290 ff. and in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. i.fiof.