Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

The Satyric Drama

699

capering or dancing, for the most part alone1, but sometimes
paired with a goat2 or with a horse-tailed Silenos*. Twice they
dance round Hermes4; once, round a goddess rising from the
ground5. Twice they cut their capers about a pair of deities—
Hermes, who holds a forked stick or a caduceus, and Pherephatta,
who emerges from a grotto or more simply from the ground6.
Now these situations recall certain scenes in the carnival-plays
of modern Greece, which we have already compared with the
Lenaean performance7. In fact, it is possible to interpret the
vases with reference to that performance. We might, for ex-
ample, suppose some such sequence as the following:—

Scene i: Hermes, lyre in hand, sits on a rock awaiting the
dnodos of the earth-goddess.

Scene ii: the earth-goddess rises from an artificial cavern.

Scene in: she hands over her child to Hermes, who acts as its
foster-father.

Further, if the Lenaean drama was, as we have contended,
the true parent of Attic tragedy, it was presumably followed by
a Satyric display8. And it may therefore fairly be argued that

(a) the decking of Pandora, (b) four human figures dancing round a flute-player; each
dancer wears a snub-nosed mask (?) with goat's horns and ears, a black waist-band to
which is attached an erect phallos and a goat's tail, and shoes (?) in the form of goat's
feet; rev. (a) girls dancing round a flute-player in the presence of a choregds, (b) a group
of four horse-tailed Silenoi, Maenad, etc. playing at ball. Height of vase 1 ft 7f ins.

(13) Red-figured kratir of late Attic style, c. end of fifth century B.C., now at Gotha
(Mon. d. Inst, iv pi. 34, E. Braun in the Ann. d. Inst. 1846 xviii. 2388"., Lenormant—
de Witte El. mon. cer. ii. 156, iii. 255 f. pi. 90, Reinach Rep. Vases i. 129, 2, P. Hartwig
in the Rom. Mitth. 1897 xii. 93)=obv. Hermes (EPMHZ) seated on a rock with an
ivy-wreath on his head and a lyre in his hand : round him dance three human figures
wearing head-bands and ivy-wreaths ; they have the horns, ears, tails, shaggy thighs, and
feet of goats ; rev. three draped figures.

(14) Red-figured krater found at Chiusi in 1854 [Arch. Zeit. 1855 xiii. Anz. p. 6*)
= Hermes surrounded by goat-footed figures with inscriptions.

(15) Black-figured kyHx from Tanagra, not earlier than c. 450 B.C., now in the
collection of Kyros Simos at Thebes (G. Korte in E. Bethe Prolegomena zur Geschichte
des Theaters im Alterthum Leipzig 1896 p. 339, P. Hartwig in the Rom. Mitth. 1897
xii. 91) — ithyphallic dancer with the horns and face of a goat, but the tail of a horse,
holding an amphora.

Nos. (1), (2), and (14) of this list are known only from the records here cited.

1 Supra p. 698 n. 1 nos. (1), (2), (5), (7), (9), (15).

2 Supra p. 698 n. 1 no. (4).

3 Supra p. 698 n. 1 no. (3) : cp. the reverse of nos. (10) and (12).

4 Supra p. 698 n. 1 nos. (13) and (14).

5 Supra p. 698 n. 1 no. (io).

6 Supra p. 698 n. 1 nos. (8) and (11). 7 Sipra p. 694 f.

8 This is not definitely recorded (A. E. Haigh The Attic Theatre3 rev. by A. W.
Pickard-Cambridge Oxford 1907 p. 25); but our records are very incomplete.