Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 1): Zeus god of the bright sky (Cambridge, 1914)

734 Zeus paired with Antiope

to have been—as C. Robert1, M. Mayer2, and W. H. Roscher3
surmised—not merely a star-god but also a sun-god4.

I must, however, insist even at the risk of some repetition
that not one of these myths affords any valid proof that Zeus
was ab origine a sun-god, consort of a moon-goddess. We
cannot assert that Io was from the outset lunar'. Pasiphae
may have been6: but it is probable that her bull, though solar,
was not originally Zeus7. Finally, Europe as the moon8 and
Zeus Asteriosas the sun9 were Phoenician rather than Hellenic
divinities.

(d) Zeus paired with Antiope.

In the Homeric Nekyia™ Odysseus interviews the shades of
fourteen famous heroines, the list being probably the work of
an interpolator who belonged to the Hesiodic school11. We are
concerned with but one of his characters—

Antiope,

Asopos' daughter, who in truth did boast

That she had lain even in the arms of Zeus.

Two sons she bare him, Zethos and Amphion,

Who founded first Thebes of the seven gates

And walled the same, since not without a wall

Could they, though stout of heart, hold wide-wayed Thebes12.

In Euripides' Antiope Amphion says to his mother:

Nay, I cannot think
That Zeus in secret copying the shape
Of an evil-doer so drew nigh thy couch
As might a man13.

1 Preller—Robert Gr. Myth. i. 136.

2 M. Mayer op. cit, p. 80.

3 W. H. Roscher Uber Selene und Verwandtes Leipzig 1890 pp. 132, 138 f. and in
his Lex. Myth. ii. 3193.

4 Supra pp. 493 ft"., 545 ft". 5 Supra p. 454 ft.

6 Supra p. 521 ff. 7 Supra pp. 522 f., 543 ff.

8 Supra pp. 524, 538 ff. 9 Supra p. 545 f.

10 Od. 11. 225 ff. '

11 G. C. W. Warr The Greek Epic London 1895 p. 194 n., M. Croiset Histoire de la
litterature grecque*1 Paris 1896 i. 279 f., W. Christ Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur5
Miinchen iqo8 i. 56.

12 Od. 11. 260 ft. The passage is paraphrased and expanded in Ap. Rhod. 1. 735—741.

13 Eur. Antiope frag. 210 Nauck2 ap. Clem. Al. stro?n.-^. 14 p. 401, 5 ff. Stahlin
( = Euseb. praep. ev. 13. 13. 38) ovkovv £ti Kara rr\v ruiv ttoWwv bb^av irepi rod deLov
viroK-qirreov. ov8e yap \adpa 8oklo \ (pwrbs (Orjpbs cj. F. W. Schmidt) KaKovpyov (TXV^aT'
eKfxLfxovp.evov \ <rol Z^' (cj. Valckenaer, t7]vbe codd., ttji'S' Euseb.) is evvrjv wairep avQpwirov
uo\elv, 'AfJL(piwp \eyei rfj ' KvTibirr).