DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0066
The altars of Zeus Kataibdtes
19
The cult of Zeus Kataibdtes was by no means confined to the
Dorians. In Paros at the northern foot of Mount Kynados close to
5' aX<pira Xeu/cd irakvveiv [Od. 10. 520, cp. Eustath. in Od. p. 1668, 28 ff.). Initiates into
the mysteries were sprinkled with meal (Aristoph. nub. 2580°. with schol. ad toe). The
Kavr](p6poi had their heads whitened with it (Hermipp. deifrag. 2 {Frag. com. Gr. ii. 3895.
Meineke) ap. schol. Aristoph. av. 1551, cp. Aristoph. eccl. 730 ff.). So had the three
mantic Semnai of Parnassos (ti. Herm. 552 ff.: see Mr E. E. Sikes ad toe. and his
Append, iii). We hear also of dXeupo/xdereis, dXcpirop.dvrei'i, aKcpiTOCTKbivoi, Kpidop.dvreis
(A. Bouche-Leclercq Histoire de la divination dans Vantiquity Paris 1879 i. 182 and in
Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. ii. 299, E. Riess in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 1374, 1637,
W. R. Halliday Greek Divination London 1913 p. 185, and for mediaeval relics of the art
W. H. D. Rouse in Folk-Lore 1899 x. 552). In Kos on the first day of the month Panamos
( = Boedromion 1) meal was burnt for Hestia fapxa (W. R. Paton—E. L. Hicks The
Inscriptions of Cos Oxford 1891 p. 285 f. no. 401, 8 ff. part of a stile of blue marble from
Kephalos [......\\a\vdp\ov vevfir/via' 'A [........] /ecu 'luria Tapiia Tr\(a)\[Kovi'Ta (?), dXcp^Tuv
rjuleKTov /ca[i] [____ravra dve^rai eirl ras iarias, Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. iii. r. 403
no. 3731, 8 ff. C. T. Newton The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British
Museum Oxford 1883 ii. 104 f. no. 338, 8 ff. read [tcpide^wv (?) for [a\<pl]Twi> in line 10).
Meal is burnt by the Coan (?) Simaitha as a means of recalling her truant lover (Theokr.
2. 18 ff. dXcpira roi Trparov irvpi rd/cerca- dXX' itr'nraaae, \ QearvXL... \ irdcrff' a/xa /ecu \iye
ravra' 1 rd A^XcpiSos oaria trdcrau},' cp. schol. vet. Theokr. 2. 18a Wendel p. 275, 7 f.
eiudacriv ai <papp.aKi5es KexpV'7®01-'- dXevpots, 18 b Wendel p. 275, 9 f. ws rCiv p.ayevovaQv
d\<pira OvovaQiv. ravra 5e Kal 6v\rip.ara IXeyov). It is also repeatedly mentioned by the
magical papyri as an ingredient in binding charms (C. Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyms
von Paris und London Wien 1888 p. 85 f. pap. Par. 2583, 2586 (both in an ewdvaytcos
Xoyos), 2647 (in ix@pbv tl dvpdacrfjLa), id. Neue griechische Zauberpapyri Wien 1893 p. 38
Brit. Mus. pap. 121. 548 = F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the British Museum London
1893 i. 101 no. 121, 539 KaravdyKTjs dXevpa (where naravdyn-q is the plant so named),
C. Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyms von Paris und London Wien 1888 p. 112 Brit.
Mus. pap. 46. 386 = F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the British Museum London 1893
i. 77 no. 46, 372 (in a charm for procuring an oracular dream), cp. C. Leemans Papyri
Graeci Musei Antiquarii PubliciLugduni-Bafavi Leyden 1885 ii. 221 pap. X pag. 6, 29^
rpifiovai xpucroi' Kal j fj.b\i(3ov \iirira (leg. XeTriSa) d>s dXevpa (in a recipe for gilding bronze)).
The sacrificial use of meal is further attested by the Pythagorean dictum in D. Erasmus
adagia chil. 1 cent. 1 (ed. Parisiis 1571 p. 20) ne sacrificato sine farina Oieiv arep
dXtpiruv = Plout. v. Num. 14.
For Latin evidence see e.g. Plant. Amph. 2. 2. 107 f. te prodigiali Iovi | aut mola
salsa hodie aut ture conprecatam oportuit, Cic. de div. 2. 37 caput est in iecore, cor in
extis: iam abscedet, simul ac molam et vinum insperseris, Xrerg. eel. 8. 82 sparge molam,
Aen. 2. [32 f. mihi sacra parari, j et salsae fruges, 4. 517 ff. ipsa mola manibusque piis
altaria iuxta, | ... | testatur moritura deos, 5. 744 f. Pergameumque Larem et canae
penetralia Vestae | farre pio et plena supplex veneratur acerra, Hor. od. 3. 23. 3 f. si ture
placaris et horna j fruge (which probably means corn-ears rather than meal) Lares, 19 f.
mollivit aversos Penatis | farre pio et saliente mica, sat. 2. 3. 199 ff. tu cum pro vitula
statuis dulcem Aulide natam | ante aras spargisque mola caput, inprobe, salsa, j rectum
animi servas?, Tib. 1.5. 13 f. ipse procuravi ne possent saeva nocere | somnia, ter sancta
deveneranda mola, 3. 4. 9 f. hominum genus omina noctis | farre pio placant et saliente
sale?, Ov.fast. 1. 337 f. (Jan. 9 Agonium) ante, deos homini quod conciliare valeret, | far
erat et puri lucida mica salis, 2. 538 (Feb. 21 Feralia) et sparsae fruges parcaque mica
salis, 3. 284 (March 1) vinaque dat tepidis farraque salsa focis, 4. 409^ (Apr. 12 Ludi
Cereri) farra deae micaeque licet salientis honorem j detis et in veteres turea grana focos,
X^al. Max. 2. 5. 5 in sacrificiis mola quae vocatur ex farre et sale constat, exta farre
sparguntur, Plin. nat. hist, praef. 11 mola litant salsa qui non habent tura, 12. 83 nec
minus propitii erant mola salsa supplicantibus, immo vero...placatiores, 18. 7 Numa
2-2
19
The cult of Zeus Kataibdtes was by no means confined to the
Dorians. In Paros at the northern foot of Mount Kynados close to
5' aX<pira Xeu/cd irakvveiv [Od. 10. 520, cp. Eustath. in Od. p. 1668, 28 ff.). Initiates into
the mysteries were sprinkled with meal (Aristoph. nub. 2580°. with schol. ad toe). The
Kavr](p6poi had their heads whitened with it (Hermipp. deifrag. 2 {Frag. com. Gr. ii. 3895.
Meineke) ap. schol. Aristoph. av. 1551, cp. Aristoph. eccl. 730 ff.). So had the three
mantic Semnai of Parnassos (ti. Herm. 552 ff.: see Mr E. E. Sikes ad toe. and his
Append, iii). We hear also of dXeupo/xdereis, dXcpirop.dvrei'i, aKcpiTOCTKbivoi, Kpidop.dvreis
(A. Bouche-Leclercq Histoire de la divination dans Vantiquity Paris 1879 i. 182 and in
Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. ii. 299, E. Riess in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 1374, 1637,
W. R. Halliday Greek Divination London 1913 p. 185, and for mediaeval relics of the art
W. H. D. Rouse in Folk-Lore 1899 x. 552). In Kos on the first day of the month Panamos
( = Boedromion 1) meal was burnt for Hestia fapxa (W. R. Paton—E. L. Hicks The
Inscriptions of Cos Oxford 1891 p. 285 f. no. 401, 8 ff. part of a stile of blue marble from
Kephalos [......\\a\vdp\ov vevfir/via' 'A [........] /ecu 'luria Tapiia Tr\(a)\[Kovi'Ta (?), dXcp^Tuv
rjuleKTov /ca[i] [____ravra dve^rai eirl ras iarias, Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. iii. r. 403
no. 3731, 8 ff. C. T. Newton The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British
Museum Oxford 1883 ii. 104 f. no. 338, 8 ff. read [tcpide^wv (?) for [a\<pl]Twi> in line 10).
Meal is burnt by the Coan (?) Simaitha as a means of recalling her truant lover (Theokr.
2. 18 ff. dXcpira roi Trparov irvpi rd/cerca- dXX' itr'nraaae, \ QearvXL... \ irdcrff' a/xa /ecu \iye
ravra' 1 rd A^XcpiSos oaria trdcrau},' cp. schol. vet. Theokr. 2. 18a Wendel p. 275, 7 f.
eiudacriv ai <papp.aKi5es KexpV'7®01-'- dXevpots, 18 b Wendel p. 275, 9 f. ws rCiv p.ayevovaQv
d\<pira OvovaQiv. ravra 5e Kal 6v\rip.ara IXeyov). It is also repeatedly mentioned by the
magical papyri as an ingredient in binding charms (C. Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyms
von Paris und London Wien 1888 p. 85 f. pap. Par. 2583, 2586 (both in an ewdvaytcos
Xoyos), 2647 (in ix@pbv tl dvpdacrfjLa), id. Neue griechische Zauberpapyri Wien 1893 p. 38
Brit. Mus. pap. 121. 548 = F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the British Museum London
1893 i. 101 no. 121, 539 KaravdyKTjs dXevpa (where naravdyn-q is the plant so named),
C. Wessely Griechische Zauberpapyms von Paris und London Wien 1888 p. 112 Brit.
Mus. pap. 46. 386 = F. G. Kenyon Greek Papyri in the British Museum London 1893
i. 77 no. 46, 372 (in a charm for procuring an oracular dream), cp. C. Leemans Papyri
Graeci Musei Antiquarii PubliciLugduni-Bafavi Leyden 1885 ii. 221 pap. X pag. 6, 29^
rpifiovai xpucroi' Kal j fj.b\i(3ov \iirira (leg. XeTriSa) d>s dXevpa (in a recipe for gilding bronze)).
The sacrificial use of meal is further attested by the Pythagorean dictum in D. Erasmus
adagia chil. 1 cent. 1 (ed. Parisiis 1571 p. 20) ne sacrificato sine farina Oieiv arep
dXtpiruv = Plout. v. Num. 14.
For Latin evidence see e.g. Plant. Amph. 2. 2. 107 f. te prodigiali Iovi | aut mola
salsa hodie aut ture conprecatam oportuit, Cic. de div. 2. 37 caput est in iecore, cor in
extis: iam abscedet, simul ac molam et vinum insperseris, Xrerg. eel. 8. 82 sparge molam,
Aen. 2. [32 f. mihi sacra parari, j et salsae fruges, 4. 517 ff. ipsa mola manibusque piis
altaria iuxta, | ... | testatur moritura deos, 5. 744 f. Pergameumque Larem et canae
penetralia Vestae | farre pio et plena supplex veneratur acerra, Hor. od. 3. 23. 3 f. si ture
placaris et horna j fruge (which probably means corn-ears rather than meal) Lares, 19 f.
mollivit aversos Penatis | farre pio et saliente mica, sat. 2. 3. 199 ff. tu cum pro vitula
statuis dulcem Aulide natam | ante aras spargisque mola caput, inprobe, salsa, j rectum
animi servas?, Tib. 1.5. 13 f. ipse procuravi ne possent saeva nocere | somnia, ter sancta
deveneranda mola, 3. 4. 9 f. hominum genus omina noctis | farre pio placant et saliente
sale?, Ov.fast. 1. 337 f. (Jan. 9 Agonium) ante, deos homini quod conciliare valeret, | far
erat et puri lucida mica salis, 2. 538 (Feb. 21 Feralia) et sparsae fruges parcaque mica
salis, 3. 284 (March 1) vinaque dat tepidis farraque salsa focis, 4. 409^ (Apr. 12 Ludi
Cereri) farra deae micaeque licet salientis honorem j detis et in veteres turea grana focos,
X^al. Max. 2. 5. 5 in sacrificiis mola quae vocatur ex farre et sale constat, exta farre
sparguntur, Plin. nat. hist, praef. 11 mola litant salsa qui non habent tura, 12. 83 nec
minus propitii erant mola salsa supplicantibus, immo vero...placatiores, 18. 7 Numa
2-2