Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Iupiter-Columns

71

occupied either by an inscription1 or by some additional divinity
naturally associated with the week-days—a Genius or Bonus
Eventus2, a Fortuna or Felicitas3 or Victoria4.

The Viergotterstein and the Wockengo iters tein together formed
a double plinth, from which rose the actual shaft of the column.
This might on occasion be left smooth (fig. 2g)% but was normally
covered with a scale-pattern (fig. 30)6, and sometimes adorned with
vine-leaves etc. (fig. 31)7. F. Hertlein points out that such deco-

1 Haug in the Wesldentsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 33 no. 12 Castel near Mayence
(IN • II * D • D • = in honorem domus divinae), id. ib. 1890 ix. 34 f. no. 15 Havange in
Lorraine (1 • o • m), F. Hertlein Die Juppitergigantensaulen Stuttgart 7910 p. 83 Mainz
{Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 6728 a latter part of inscription alone extant).

2 Haug in the Westdeutsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 28 no. 4 Metzingen, id. ib. 1890 ix.
35 no. 17 Agnin (Isere).

3 Haug in the Westdeutsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 33 f. no. 13 Heddernheim (?).

4 F. Hertlein DieJuppitergigantensaulen Stuttgart 1910 p. 8211. 2 Merten in Lorraine.
0 Fig. 29 is a column, r5'50,n high, found at Merten near Saarlouis in 1878 and now

preserved in the Museum at Metz (for bibliography see F. Hertlein Die Juppitergiganten-
saulen Stuttgart 1910 p. 13 f. and Espernndieu Bas-reliefs de la Gaule Rom. v. 452 ff.
no. 4425 with six photographic cuts. Add Durm Baukunst d. Rom? p. 742 ff. fig. 817).
The restoration by E. Arnold published in the Jahrb. d. Vereins v. Alterthums-
freund. im Rheinl. 1878 lxiv. 94—99 pi. 7 is far from accurate, and the same may be said
of that by O. A. Hoffmann in the Gesellschaft fur Lothringische Geschichie ttnd Altertums-
kunde: Jahrbuch 1889 i. 14 ff. Much better is that by A. Prost in the Rev. Arch. 1879
i. 1—20 pi. 1 f. and in the Bulletin de la Societe Nationale des Antiquaires de Fra?ice
1879 p. 64 (Afemoires de la SociJte Nationale des Antiquaires de France Serie IV Tome x),
or that by Tornow in the Deutsche Bauzeitung 1879 no- 53 (reproduced by F. X. Kraus
in Kunst und Allerlum in Elsass-Lothringen 1886—1889 iii. 2. 316—325 tig. 87). My
own restoration is based on that of Prost, from which however it varies in the character
of its steps, in the arrangement of its reliefs, and in the reconstruction of its equestrian
group.

Remains of other smooth ' Jupiter-columns ' have come to light at Hagen near Saverne
in the Wasserwald, at Butterstadt near Hanau, and at Treves (Hertlein op. cit. p. 84).

6 Fig. 30 is a column, 5'44m high, found in 1884 in a fountain within the Roman
walls at Heddernheim together with an altar to Iupiter and a smaller column topped by
a figure of Iupiter enthroned. The whole group is now in the Historical Museum at
Frankfurt: see O. Donner-von Richter and A. Riese Heddernheimer Ausgrabungen
Frankfurt am Main 1885 (an Stelle des Neujahrs-Blattes des Vereins ftir Geschichte und
Alterthumskunde flir 1885 und 1886) pp. 1—20, whose pi. 1, 1 I reproduce. Note that
the Wochengbtterstein is in the case of this column replaced by a Sechsgblterstein, on
which see Haug in the Westdeutsche Zeitschrift 1890 ix. 48 f. no. 4 Heddernheim.

7 Fig. 31 is a sandstone column, some 3'50m high, found in 1838 at Neuenheim near
Heidelberg, along with a Viergotterstein (Haug in the Westdeutsche Zeitschrift 1891 x.
26 no. 40 Neuenheim) and a fragmentary Mithraic figure (F. Cumont Textes et monu-
ments figures relatifs aux mysteres de Mithra Bruxelles 1896 ii. 508 fig. 461), and now
preserved in the Museum at Karlsruhe. The shaft is embellished with vine-leaves and
birds perched among them : the four small heads of its capital are apparently female
(F. Hertlein Die Juppitergigantensaulen Stuttgart 1910 p. 89). F. Cumont, whose
illustration (pp. cit. ii. 508 f. fig. 462) is here copied, supposes that the Viergotterstein
mentioned above formed the base of this shaft. But F. Hertlein {op. cit. pp. 84, 89, 93)
states that their respective dimensions are unsuitable.

Fig. 32 is a drum of white limestone, o'84m high, found in 1726 at Les Fontaines,