Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

The Trophy 111

that of La Turbie near Monaco (fig. 74)1 or that of Adamklissi

Gr. inscr. sel. no. 300, 1 ff. on the lintel of a door, found in a Byzantine wall on the south
side of the Agora, inscribed in lettering of the second century B.C. ['A]iroXXddwpos
"ApTipuovos, Aiovvaios Xovp.rjvlov, Apio~To(3ovXos HpaKXeldov | \_vo]uo<pvXaKes Ad Tpoiraiwi
Kal twl 5r]fJ.ul to T€ 8vpup.a Kal ras irapaoTdbas \ [/c]ai rrjv iv [ru;]t vop.o<pvXaKloii iirio~Kevr}v
ko.1 Tas irapadvp[lSas], Frankel op. cit. i. 160 ff. no. 247 ii, 2 ff. Kar[d] \f/ri<pifffj.a eVi
Hvppov tov 'Adrjivooibpov did rrjv yevofxivr/v vird j tov Aibs tov Tpoiraiov iirirpdveiav) : he
was also invoked as giver of victory on the Attic stage (Soph. Track. 303 S3 Zev Tpoirale,
Eur. Heracl. 867 w "Lev Tpoirale, El. 671 c3 Zev UaTpuie Kal TpoiraV ex6pCov ifj.Qv). Cp.
Scholl—Studemund anecd. i. 265 no. 97 Tpoiraiov, 267 no. 92 Tpoiraiov.

Similarly the Greeks recognised Zeus Tpo7rcuoDxos (Aristot. de mutido 7. 401 a 22 f.
koX o~Tpa.Tios Kal Tpoiraiovxos cp. Poll. r. 23 f. 6eol...crTpaTioi, rpoiraiovxoi, Cornut. theol. 9
p. 9, 16 f. Lang Kal Tpoiraiovxov...avTov (sc. tov Ala) irpoaayopevovaiv), who was worshipped
at Attaleia in Pamphylia (Corp. inscr. Gr. iii Add. no. 4340 /] 5 ff. Fatov AikipvIov,
$>\ap.[evos,] j eirdpxov Texvei twv Kal iepews did (3lov \ Aids Tpoiraiovxov, ib. iii Add. no.
4340^", 4 ff. a second base bearing the same honorary inscription of early Roman date)
and probably elsewhere—since Othryades the Spartan after the fight with the Argives at
Thyrea is said to have dedicated his trophy (fig. 73 from an
engraved cornelian of Augustan date, in my wife's possession, to
a scale of \: see also Furtwangler Ant. Gemmcn i pi. 23, i, 5,
8—14, ii. ii2f.) to Zeus under this title (Plout. para//. Gr. ct
Rom. 3 Tpoiraiov ffT'qaas £k tov ioiov aifxaros eireypaxf/e Ad
Tpoiraiovxip) and since Zeds Tpoiraiovxos was a possible equivalent
for Iupiter Fcretrius (Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 2. 34 tov de Ala tov
QepeTpiov, (p ra oirXa 6 Pi>)p.vXos dvedrjKev, e'ire fiovXeral tis
Tpoiraiovxov, eiTe ^,KvXo<pdpov KaXe?v, us d^ioval Tives, effi, oti irdvruiv inrepex^i KaL irdaav
iv kvkXu) irepielXi](pe t:qv tuiv ovtwv <t>vaiv re Kal Kiv-qaiv, TirepcpepeTrjv, ovx ap.a.pTrjaeTai
Trjs dXijdelas).

In the res gestae divi Augusti 19 p. 22 f. Diehl aecUs in Capitolio Iovis Feretri et Iovis
Tonantis is rendered vaovs iv KairiTuXlu Aids Tpoiraio(pdpov Kal Aids BpovTrjalov.

Just as the lopped pillars of the Coralli were called Iovis simulacra (supra p. 109
n. 1) or the high oak of the Celts ayaX/xa Atos (Max. Tyr. diss. 8. 8 Diibner KeXroi
<re/3ovai p.ev Ala, dyaXfxa de Aids KsXtikov i>\f/r)\i) dpvs, on which see Folk-lore 1906 xvii.
53), so the trophy is regarded by Euripides as the actual image of Zeus (Eur. Heracl.
936 f. "TXXos fxev oiiv 6 Y iadXds ToXews operas \ Aids Tpoiraiov KaXXiviKov 'iffTaaav, Plioen.
1250 f. IIoXtWiKes, iv o~ol rL-r\vds dpdwaai fipiTas \ Tpoiraiov, 1472^ (is 5' iviKuipiev /J-dxy, \
01 p.ev Aids Tpoiraiov iaTaaav (3piTas, cp. sitppl. 647 f. irQs yap Tpoirala Yjrjvds Alyeus
tokos I iffTijaev o'l te <jvixp.eTao-x°VTSS dopos;). But it is far from clear that this was the
•original intention (see W. H. D. Rouse Greek Votive Offei-ings Cambridge 1902 p. 99,
Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 365, A. Reinach in Daremberg—Saglio Did. Ant. v. 497^).

1 O. Benndorf La trophee d'Auguste pres de Monaco (la Turbie) Paris 1904, Dunn
Baukunst d. Rom.- p. 733 f. fig. 803, J. C. Formige ' Le trophee de la Turbie' in the
Comptes rendus de PAcad, des inscr. et belles-lettres 1910 pp. 76—87 with 3 figs., C. J.
Formige ' Le trophee d'Auguste ' ib. 1910 pp. 509—516 with 11 figs, and 2 pis., F. Liibker
Reallexikon des klassischen Alterlumss Leipzig-Berlin 1914 p. 50, A. Reinach in Darem-
berg—Saglio Did. Ant. v. 512 fig. 7122. The tropaeum Alpium (Plin. nat. hist. 3. 136)
or rpbiraio. 'Zefiao-Tov (Ptol. 3. 1. 1, whence Torbia, Turlna, Turbie) commemorated the
submission of 46 Alpine tribes. This great trophy was erected in 7/6 K.c. on the summit
of La Corniche (454'" above Monaco), marking at once the highest point of the pass over
the Maritime Alps and the frontier between Italy and Gaul (G. Parthey—M. Pinder
Itinerarium Antonini Augusti ct Hierosolymitanum Berolini 1848 p. 141= p. 296, 3 f.
Wesseling). On a paved platform (38111 square), bordered by boundary stones (12 a side),
stood a plinth (27™ square, 5m high) supporting a rotunda (i8m in diameter, c. 13™ high)
surrounded by 24 Doric columns (8.8om high) with a stepped stylobate (3™ high) and