Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Dionysos at Delphoi 233

commemorated the defeat of the Gauls near Delphoi (279—278 B.C.)
by establishing a festival to be called Soteria in honour of Zeus
Soter and Apollon Pytliios1. But A. Mommsen's notion that the
ordinary Pythian rites were performed for the Moiragetai, Zeus as
well as Apollon2, is an unsupported conjecture3. On the other hand,
importance must be attached to the fact that at the feast Boukatia4
in the month Boukatios (= the Attic Metageitnion)5 the Delphic
phratry of the Labyadai sacrificed not only to Apollon but also to
Zeus Patrdios6, a god by whom they swore7.

((f)) Dionysos at Delphoi.

But if Zeus left his mark on Delphoi, so did Dionysos. Plutarch
in an interesting section of his treatise On the Delphic E8 writes as
follows :

' If, then, any one ask what all this has to do with Apollon, we shall declare
that it concerns not him alone but also Dionysos, who is partner on equal terms
with Apollon at Delphoi. The theologians, now in verse, now in prose, sing or

1901 xxix. 23 ff. argues that Klymenos, Trophonios, and Agamedes were all hypostases of
a chthonian god, the Zeus (or Hermes) of Lebadeia. Klymenos, like Periklyinenos
(Hesych. s.v.), was an appellative of Plouton (R. Engelmann in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii.
1228 f.). Zeus Trophonios or Trephonios was the full name of the Lebadean divinity
{infra Append. K). Agamedes was a possible title for Zeus (cp. supra i. 1411. 1).

1 Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 1 no. 323 = Michel Recueil a" Inscr. gr. no. 128 = Dittenberger
Syll. inscr. Gr.'1 no. 205.

- A. Mommsen Delphika Leipzig 1878 pp. 170, 224.

3 Rashly accepted by H. Pomtow in Philologus 1912 lxxi. 45.

4 Bou/vctria, derived by A. Boeckh awb tov Kaivecrdai /3o0s (Corp. inscr. Gr. i. 733), was
tantamount in meaning to fiovcpbvia.

5 J. W. Kubitschek in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 994, H. van Herwerden
Lexicon Graecum suppletormm et dialectician'1 Lugduni Batavorum 1910 i. 284.

,; T. Homolle in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1895 xix. 5 ff. D 45 ff. = J. Baunack in Collitz—
Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Lnschr. ii. 718 ff. no. 2561 D 45 ff. = Michel Recueil d'Lnscr.gr.
no. 995 D 45 ff. = Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.1 no. 438 d 2ioff. = J. v. Prott and
L. Ziehen Leges Graecorum sacrae ii. 217 ff. no. 74 D 45 ff. = F. Solmsen Lnscriptiones
Graecae ad inlustrandas dialectos selectae Lipsiae 1905 no. 36 D 45 ff. HovKariocs | twl At
TrarpdjML Kal Tdnr\6\\wi'i rav aupbdiva, Kal <jv[xTcpr[t<TKev (B. Keil in Hermes 1896 xxxi.
509 f. treats this verb as an iterative form of wifxirpri/j.1 'zusammen verbrennen,' and so
Baunack and Dittenberger ad loc. But Fournier in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1898 xxii. 271
reads <rvfj.Tnirl<TKev, which is accepted by Michel, Ziehen, and Solmsen) aiid to\vs
Aa(3vd5as.

7 Their oaths were: (a) a i^f. irol tov Ai\bs tov TraTpdtiov

(b) B 12 ff. ttol to ' AttoWw^v] os Kal tov UoTeioavos \ tov (ppaTpiov

Kai tov A[i6s naTpihiov

(c) C 1 ff. [not tov 'AttoWwvos K.ai HoTei.8ai>os tov <pp]aT[p\iov Kai

Aids]

Dittenberger loc. cit. ii. 26 n. 3 justly infers that the Labyadai were a phratry (cppaTpia),
not a clan (iraTpLa), and notes that the cult of Zeus Patrdios was appropriate to any
community bound together by ties of kindred and affinity.

8 Plout. de E apud Delphos 9. I have followed throughout the text of W. R. Paton
(Berolini 1893).