Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

238 Dionysos at Delphoi

and Anaxandrides may be trusted—this was the one day in the
year on which the Pythia gave responses1. Later, Apollon was
more frequently 'at home2': indeed his period of residence extended
from Bysios the first month of spring to Heraios the last month of
autumn. Then with the advent of winter there recommenced the
rule of Dionysos.

How is this Box-and-Cox arrangement of the Delphic year to
be explained ? We must a priori recognise two possibilities. Either
Dionysos has intruded on Apollon, or Apollon has intruded on
Dionysos. The former is the view held by the majority of modern
critics'8: the latter was the opinion of certain scholars in antiquity4.

choir,' cp. Aisch. s. c. Ph. iijff. e7rra 5' dy-qvopes irpeirovTes arparov \ 8opvao~6ois aayals
ttvXclis epdofxais ( = e7rrd) | irpoaioTavTo, Anth. Pal. 2. 380 (Christodoros) ivarais ( = iwea)
avedriKCLTo MoiVats, //. 8. 404 es SeK&rovs ( = 5^a) irepLTeXXo/xevovs iviavTovs, where the text
need not be tinkered. Dionysos 'E/35o/j.eus {Inscr. Gr. ins. ii no. 123 on a round base
of s. ii A.D. from Mytilene [Ai]coiwu> | 'E(35o/i.ei. \ Tats (?'Pais) avedei\i<ev evxyv) appears
to be analogous to Apollon 'E/35o/xeios (Roscher Die Sieben- und Neunzahl etc. pp. 22 ff.,
69, id. Die Hebdomadenleliren etc. p. 215) rather than modelled upon him (W. Quandt De
Baccho ab Alexandri aetate in Asia Minore culto Halis Saxonum 1913 pp. 139, 141 n. 1).

Roscher Die Sieben- und Neunzahl etc. pp. 29, 116 thinks that the Apolline seven
made its way into the cult of Zeus, citing the seven officials charged with the duty of
setting up a tripod for the Boeotian Zeus 'EXevdepLos {Inscr. Gr. sept, i no. i672 = Collitz—
Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. i. 271 no. 865 Plataiai Boiwroi Ad 'EXevdepioi tov [rpt7ro5a] |
Kara rac p.avTt'ia.v rw 'A7r6A\co[cos], j k.t.X., cp. i no. 1673 = i. 271 no. 864. i no. 1674 -
i. 272 no. 866, and the similar dedications at Thespiai to the Muse (i no. 1795 = 1. 403
no. 807^), at Akraiphia to Apollon Uron'os (i no. 2723 = 1. 2i3f. no. 570, i no. 2724 = 1.
214110. 571, i nos. 2724a—e), at Orchomenos to the Charites (i no. 3207 = 1. i9of. no.
494). These inscriptions all bore the names of seven acpeb'pia.TevbvTwv (?=a<pi8pv6vTixiv),
except one from Akraiphia (i no. 2724 b) which has eight), and comparing the seven cakes
offered to Zeus IloXievs in Kos (J. de Prott Leges Graecoritm sacrae Lipsiae 1896 Fasti
sacri p. i9ff. no. 5, 28 ff. = Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. iii. 357 ff. no. 3636, 28 ff.
= Michel Recueil d'Lnser. gr. no. 716, 28 ff. = Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr? no. 616, 28 ff.
tovtu de [£\~\&vt[w 7r|ap]a rav 'larLav rav ra/xlav /cat 6 [tov Zt^os i]epeus (W. R. Paton
restores 6 [IIoAif/os t]epeus) <7Te(7r)Tet /cat | [ex^cnrevdei kvXikcl olvov K€Kpafj,evov [7r]p6 rod
[/3o6]s- 'iireira ayovri to[/x | /3o]vv /cat roy navrbv Kai \_<p\db'Cas eirra Kai fxiXi Kai are/mfia'
k.t.X. in a ritual calendar for the Coan month Batromios ( = the Attic Poseideon) dating
from c. 300 b.C.). He might have added the seven stars surrounding Zeus Kpyrayevris
{supra i. 51 f. figs. 27 f., 149 n. 1 fig. 115, 547 f. figs. 415—418, cp. 276 n. 5, 754 n. 2).
But in none of these cases have we any real reason to suspect the influence of Apollon.

1 Kallisthenes frag. 4 {Script, hist. Alex. Mag. p. 12 Mtiller) and Alexandrides frag.
6 {Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 107 Mtiller) ap. Plout. quaestt. Gr. 9. The name of the second
author, a Delphian by birth, should be Anaxandridas (L. Weniger De Anaxandrida
Polemone Hegesandro rerum Delphicarum scriptoribus Berolini 1865 p. 7 ff.) or Anaxan-
drides (E. Schwartz in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 2079 f.).

2 On the airodrifiiai and the eVtciTj/xtat of the Delphic Apollon see W. H. Roscher Lex.
Myth. i. 426.

3 E.g. O. Kern in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. v. ioi7f. (after Rohde Psyche- ii.
52 ff.), Farnell Cults of Gk. States v. ii2f. See, however, F. Lenormant in Daremberg—
Saglio Diet. Ant. i. 593, F. A. Voigt in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 10326°., G. E. Marindin
in Smith—Marindin Class. Diet. p. 295, who all support the priority of Dionysos.

4 Schol. Pind. Pyth. argum. 1 eZra tpxerai {sc. 'AttoXXuv) iiri to /xapretop, iv y izpu>Tt)