Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

at Delphoi

253

mood1. And like enough it was under Orphic influence that he
ventured even to equate Apollon with Dionysos, when in an un-
known play—perhaps the Bassarai—he wrote :

Apollon of the Ivy, he the Bacchant, he the Seer2.
Similarly Euripides, another poet who had more than a bowing
acquaintance with Orphism, in his Likymnios penned the following
invocation :

Lord who lov'st the Baytree, Paian, Bakchos, Apollon of the Lyre3.

Fig. 170.

Later we get the identification more explicitly stated. In the first
century of our era Dion Chrysostomos, addressing the Rhodians,
says :

'Yet some maintain that Apollon, Helios, and Dionysos are all one and the
same ; and that is your own accepted view4.'

The best commentary on this passage is a series of early imperial
coppers, struck in Rhodes, which has for obverse type (fig. 170)5

1 See Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. pp. 430 n. 2, 116S n. 7, 1172, 1290 n. 3.

2 Aisch. frag. 341 Nauck2 ap. Macrob. Sat. 1. 18. 6 6 tcicraevs WwoWuv, 6 /3ai<xeus,
6 fxdvTLS. The manuscript variants are 6 Ba/cxeios Mi. M 2. INI 3. S. OBAK6IOC P 2.
OBAKCIOC B. R. oP&kxiosPj. OKABAIOCPi. cJ/S<kxeP6. (5h&vtis P6. Hence
a prolific crop of conjectures : J. de Meurs 6 /cat j3di<xo$ 6 /jlclvtis, Jakob Gronovius
6 KvWevs 'AttoWwv, 6 'HpiKCLTralos, 6 MijTts (an improvement on Mdcrapis), J. Barnes
Za/3cuos, H. Bothe and C. A. Lobeck 'A/3aios, F. G. Welcker Ka/3atos, J. G. J. Hermann
Ba/cxetos, A. Nauck (3ai<xevs (adding 'versus videtur esse Baaaapujv'). An anonymous
German scholar in the margin of my copy of L. Jan's Macrobius has hazarded the
neologism fiaKxtioiiavTis.

3 Eur. frag. 477 Nauck2 ap. Macrob. Sat. 1. 18. 6 beairoTa cpi\65a(pve Bai<xe, iratav
"AttoWov ev\vpe. The variants are trifling : BAI AN B. Pi. R. 'AttoWoji' R. J. de Meurs
"AttoXKov. A. Nauck cleverly suggests the transposition decnrora \ <pik6ba.<pve waiav Bclkx'
"Atto\\oi> evXvpe. Perhaps we should go one step further and read the compound BaKxd-
ttoWov, cp. Aiovvaake^avdpos and the like (F. H. M. Blaydes' n. on Aristoph. ran. 499).

4 Dion Chrys. or. 31 p. 570 Reiske Kairoi rbv fiev 'A7r6XXw xal tov "HXioe kcu tov
Aiovvaov ivioL (pacriv elvai tov avrdv, /cat vp.ets ovtw vofi'StTi. Cp. the Orphic ets'HXtos, ets
Aiovvcros (supra i. 187 n. 4, 292).

5 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. pp. cxvi, 263 ff. pi. 42, 3, 6, Hunter Cat. Coins
ii. 445 no. 85 f., Head Hist, num.2 p. 642. I figure a specimen from my collection issued
in the name of the tainias Hierokles (ETTI || lEPOjKAEYC sic, cp. E. Boisacq Les
dialectes doriens Paris 1891 p. 164 f.).