Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Criticism of P. Kretschmer's hypothesis 275

Dionysos as Hyddes1. Since this fifth-century author, the earliest
writer of Attic prose'2, indited a book On the Festivals of Dionysos3,
he was doubtless well posted on the mythology of the god, and we
must not dismiss his remarks as idle invention4. The}- fit on to a
number of stray hints and intimations. Thus lexicographers and
scholiasts tell us that Sabdzios, the Phrygian Zeus5 or Dionysos6,
was entitled Hyes1, Hyass, Hyeus9. Kleidemos, the oldest exponent
of local Attic lore1", said that Dionysos was called Hyes 'because
we sacrifice to him in time of rain n.' Others explained ' that Dionysos
was Hyes from the rain that fell at his begetting, when Zeus rained
ambrosiauponhim12.' Plutarch in a more philosophical mood declares
that the Greeks name ' Dionysos Hyes as lord of watery nature13.'
Xonnos waxes eloquent on the theme and makes Gaia address
Dionysos in the following terms :

Zeus' son, grain-giver, murderer—ay, thou rulest

Both fruitful rain and bloody snow alike :

With rain thou didst bedew the whole rich held

Of Hellas, and with gore hast drenched the tilth

Of India ; sheaves thy harvest once, now death.

Thy flakes found ears for the peasants; thou hast reaped

The Indian host and cut men down like corn.

Raindrops thou bringest from Zeus, from Ares blood14.

I Pherekyd. frag. 46 {Frag. hist. Gr. i. 84 Miiller) ap. Phot. lex. s.v. "T?7S = Souid.
s.v. "tt)s = et. wag. p. 775, 4 ff. = Favorin. lex. p. 1791, 26 f. (cp. ib. 19 f.). See further
supra i. n 1 n. 6, infra § 9 (i).

- W. Christ Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur6 Munchen 1908 i. 4-29.

Souid. s.v. <f>ep6Kvdris Aepios. 4 Ltibker A'eallex.8 p. 796 ' voller Phantasie.'

5 Supra i. 390 ff. 6 Supra i. 395 n. 3.

7 Phot. lex. s.v."Tr]s bis' tov ?.a(3a£iov 17 eVt/cX^crtj, Eustath. in II. p. 11 55, 63 f. ev 8e
prjTopiKLp Xe^LKip eiiprjraL /cat otl Tabes BaA'^at TidrjvaL tov Alovvoov Kal tov ALbvvo~ov"Yr)v
<paalv cltto tovtwv Tives' "Trj? yap e7rt/cX?/crts tov Z2a/3aftoi>.

8 Schol. Aristoph. av. 874 7ratfet irpbs to bvojxa (sc. (ppvyiXip Lafia^Lip), eirel Qpvyes to
evdfreiv o~a(3a£eiv (paal Kal e/c tovtov 2ia/3dj"iov tov Alovvltov XeyovaL. aafiovs be ZXeyov /cat
tovs a.<piepwp.evovs ai/t/2 tottovs Kal tovs (3&kxovs tov deov. 6 aiiTos be "Tas /cat Etfatos (sic)
KaXeiTai. Was the (ppvyiXos (on which see D'Arcy W. Thompson A Glossary of Greek
Birds Oxford 1895 p. 184 and E. J. Seltman in the Joum. Intern, a"Arch. Num. 1913
xv. 4), like the jay (Cornut. theol. 30 p. 61, 22 f. Lang), if not also the nightingale and
the swallow (Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. pp. 92, 951 n. 7), specially connected wilh Dionysos?

9 Hesych. s.v. 'Tetfs1 Sa/Sctftos.

10 Paus. 10. 15. 5, cp. W. Christ Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur6 Munchen
1911 ii. 1. 81. •

II Kleidemos (Kleitodemosfrag. 21 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 363 Miiller)) ap. Phot. lex. s.v. "T??s
( = Souid. s.v. ' Tr)s = et. mag. p. 775, 3 f. = Favorin. lex. p.1791, 24 ff.) • eirideTov Alovvltov,
los KXeidrjfMos• eireibr), (priaLV ,,eirLTeXovp.ev Tas dvcrias avTip /cat?' 8v 6 debs Set XP°V0V-

12 Bekker anecd. i. 207, 26 ff. dXXot be "Trjv /xev elvai tov Alovvltov airb tov avfifidvTos e'yrl Trj
yevvTjcret. ai>Tov vstov4 vae yap ap-jUpocriav eir avTLp 6 Zevs, et. mag. p. 775, 7 f. y\ otl vaev 6 debs
eirl ttjv ytvvrjaiv ai/TOv, cp. ib. p. 277, 45 f. rj otl Aibs vovtos eTex&V- Infra § 9 (e) iii, § 9 (i).

1,5 Plout. de Is. et Os. 34 /cat tov Alovvltov "Tr/v Cos KvpLov ttjs vypas (pvaews, k.t.X.

14 Nonn. Dion. 22. 276 ff.

18—2