Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

290

Dios and Dtos Nysos

and Bishoprics of Phrygia Oxford 1897 i. 2. 736 f. with pi. Beneath the inscription
'A/3/p/ao? I Uopcpvpiov I Siclkuv Ka\Te<TK€va<ra | to p.ep.bpiov | eavru> /ecu Trj \ av/j-fiiw fxov \ Qev-
irptiriri j /ee reus reKvon stands the Saviour between two heads representing the souls of
Abirkios and Theuprepia.

The conception of the head as the seat of the soul (E. Bethe in the Rhein. Mas. 1907
lxii. 465 n. 62, L. Radermacher in the Ai-chiv f. Rel. 1908 xi. 412 ff., A. E. Crawley
The Ideaof the Soul London 1909 p. 239) is responsible for much in ancient literature (the
epic vckvwv d/xevriva Kapyva, the tragic <piXov k&pa, the colloquial cj fxiapa Kt<paXr), etc.), art
(the herni, the mask, the bust, the medallion, etc.), and custom (e.g. separate burial of the
head (Korybantes supra i. 107 ; deovpyoi Prokl. in Plat, theol. 4. 9 p. 193 Portus /ecu (5
ttclvtwv (cttl 8av/j.a<XT0TaT0v) on tQv deovpywv ddmeiv to cco/xa KeXevbvTiov, irX-qv rrjs KecpaXrjs,
iv Trj fj.vaTLKWTa.Tr] tlov TeXeTwv, 6 HXcltlcv (Phaedr. 250 C) /ecu tovto TrpoeiXrjtpev, vrr' ai/TLov
Ktvovfxevos tQv deiov; Battos Herakleides Pontikos frag. 4. 4 (Frag. hist. Gr. ii. 212 Miiller);
on Capitol at Rome Varr. de ling. Lat. 5. 41, Liv. 1. 55, 5. 54, Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 4. 59,
Plin. not. hist. 28. 15, Arnob. adv. nat. 6. 7, Aur. Vict, de vir. ill. 8. 4, interp. Serv. in
Verg. Aeu. 8. 345, Isid. orig. 15. 2. 31, cp. E. Babelon Collection Pauvert de la Chapelle:
Intailles et Camies Paris 1899 p. 44 f. no. in fig. and pi. 7, 111, Furtwangler Ant.
Gemmen iii. 451 f. fig. 233, and Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 371 n. 20 : archaeological evidence
from Egypt is cited by Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen iii. 252 n. 3 and especially by Sir W. M.
Flinders Petrie Ancient Egypt Part iv 1916, from Megara Hyblaia, Syracuse, the Aeolian
Myrina, etc. by A. Mau in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 341 f., from the Scandinavian
area by P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston-London 1902
P- 3°3)> and divination by means of a severed head (head of Osiris floats to Byblos Loukian.
de dea Syr. 7 ; head of Orpheus floats to Lesbos—see Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen i pis. 22,
1—9, 13 f., 6r, 51, ii. 107 f., 277, iii. 245—252 with figs. 138 f., and O. Cruppe in Roscher
Lex. Myth. iii. 1069, 1168 ff., 1177 f. fig. 3 ; head of Archonides preserved in honey and
consulted by Kleomenes i (?) of Sparta Ail. var. hist. 12. 8; head of Publius prophesies
after victory at Thermopylai in 191 B.C. Antisthenes the Peripatetic (Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 182
Miiller, but see E. Schwartz in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 2537 f.) ap. Phleg. mir. 3 ;
head of priest of Zeus 'Ott\6<t/j.i.os in Arkadia (?) reveals the name of murderer Aristot. de
part. an. 3. 10. 673 a 17 ff. 7repZ be Kapiav (Kap..av E. Kap P. dpKablav Z.) ovtw to
tolovtov 8ieTTLo-T€vo-av wcrre /ecu KpLaiv erroirjaavTO wept tivos tQ>v eyxwPLU>v■ T°v j&P 'i-epeus
tou Ott\olt/j.iov Aids cnrodavbvTOS, vcp: otov 5e 8r] d8f}\ws, ecpaadv tlues anovaai rrjs KecpaXrjs
a.TTOKeKop.jJ.evri's XeyovtrrjS 7ro\\d\-ts "e7r' avopbs avbpa Kep\'i5as aweKTeivev."' bib Kai £r)Tr)-
aavres ci5 bvop.a r)v ev np toitu Rep/aSas, tKpivav. My note on this incident in the Class. Rev.
1903 xvii. 417 n. 1 is far-fetched and improbable. Better service has been done by
J. Schaefer De love apud Cares culto Halis Saxonum 1912 p. 370 f. (cp. P. Foucart in
Lebas—Foucart Peloponnese Explications ii. 221 and in the Rev. Arch. 1876 ii. 103, P.
Rretschmer Die Griechischen Vase7iinschriften Giitersloh 1894 p. 149), who rightly
restores ApKablav for Kapiav, remarking that the name Kep/ei5aj is not found in Raria but
is found in Arkadia, especially at Megalopolis (W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Worterbuch der
griechischen Eigenuamen3 Braunschweig J875 i. 649, Inscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, ii nos.
439, 40, 550, 3), that another odd tale is told about the death of a Megalopolitan Rerkidas
(Ail. var. hist. 13. 20), and that the cult of Zeus '07rA6o>uos is attested only for Methydrion,
an Arcadian town which passed into the possession of Megalopolis (Collitz—Bechtel Gr.
Dial.-Inschr. ii. 148 f. no. 1634, 17 ff. = Michel Recneil d'Inscr. gr. no. 199, 17 ff. = Ditten-
berger Syll. inscr. Gr." no. 229, 17 ff. = Inscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, ii no. 344, 17 ff.
7rep[t I 8e tcls NZ]/eas ras XRvcr^[a]s T°v Ai6s tov 'OttXoctix'iov, ay /carafe/res evexvPa 01
Mec?u[5pc!ets 01 /xeTOLKfjlcravTes e[t]s 'Opxo^evbv bidXovTo to dpyvptov k.t.X. in an Achaean
decree of c. 234/3 B.C., cp. Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. i. 344 no. 1203, io = 0.
Hoffmann Die Griechischen Dialekte Gottingen 1891 i. 18 no. 8, io = Michel Recueil
d'Pnscr. gr. no. 614, 10 = Inscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. A/ess. ii no. 271, 10'OrrXob/uLas (sc. (pvXds) in
a tribal list not later than c. 350 B.C. Hera, and perhaps Athena, shared the title with
Zeus. Lyk. Al. 613 f. Tup,/3os... | '07rAo<Tp.icts refers to the Argive Hera (Tzetz. in Lyk.
Al. 610) rather than to Athena (schol. Lyk. Al. 614, cp. schol. //. 5. 412); Lyk. Al. 857 f.