Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Attis in relation to the Dioskouroi 311

163 B.C. and with Attalos ii before and after his accession in
159 B.C.1, may have been the same Pessinuntine hierarch: he evinces
the same anti-Galatian ideas2. Another 'Attis the priest,' one out
of ten, who are distinguished from the chief priest, is recorded in
an inscription from Pessinous of early imperial date3. And as to
Battakes, Diodoros states that in 102 B.C. 'a certain man named
Battakes, priest of the great Mother of the gods, came from Pessinous
in Phrygia' to Rome demanding expiation for the defilement of
her temple4. Plutarch puts it differently : Battakes came ' with a
message that the goddess from the temple {andktora) had announced
to him the triumphant victory of the Romans' over the Teutones5.
Haakh contends that Plutarch's andktora is again suggestive of a
twin cult, since the Dioskouroi were Anaktes*. But the word andk-
toron is of much wider application, and no stress can be laid on
the use of the plural andktora''. Nor is Haakh's contention much
strengthened by the Herodotean tale of Adrastos and Atys8. The
former was son of the Phrygian king Gordios iv; the latter, son of
the Lydian king Kroisos—unpromising material for a myth con
cerning twins, even if it be conceded that the episode had no his-
torical foundation9. There remains the old Lydian pedigree, which
represented Atys and Kotys as sons of Manes10. Manes, the fore-

1 Michel Recueil d''Inscr. gr. no. 45, Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. set. no. 315.

2 E. Thraemer in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 146.

3 A. Koerte in the Ath. Mitth, 1900 xxv. 437 ff. no. 63 = Dittenberger Orient. Gr.
inscr. sel. no. 541 Tifiepiov KXavdiov "Att€lp iepea \ Hpa vibv K.vpeh'a Arj'iorapov, tvaWov
/xerd rov dp^iepea, T€Tap\rov 5e TaXarLov, k.t.A.

4 Diod. 36. 6 (p. 65 Dindorf). 5 Plout. v. Mar. 17.

8 Supra i. 107 n. 7. 7 Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. i. 2. 423 B ff.

8 Adrestos, son of Gordies son of Mides, having unintentionally slain his brother, was
driven out by his father and took refuge with Kroisos, who purified him and received him
kindly at his court. Some time afterwards Mysia was devastated by a monstrous boar
from the Mysian Mt Olympos. Atys, son of Kroisos, was eager to join the chase. His
father, having dreamt that Atys would perish by means of an iron spear, at first would
not let him go, but later sent Adrestos as his guardian. Adrestos, aiming with his javelin,
missed the boar and slew Atys. Kroisos in deep distress invoked Zeus Kaddpaios and 'E7r-
lcttios and "EiTaiprj'ios, but, regarding the accident as the fulfilment of his dream, pardoned
Adrestos. Thereupon Adrestos killed himself on the tomb of Atys (Hdt. r. 35—45).

■} H. Stein on Hdt. 1. 43, W. W. How and J. Wells on Hdt. 1. 34, E. Meyer in
Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 2262, Frazer Golden Bough2": Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 286
view the Atys-tale as a doublet of the Attis-myth.

10 E. Meyer in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 2262 educes from Hdt. 1.7, 1. 94, 4. 45,
7. 74 the following stemma :

Manes

r- -->

Atys Kotys

Lydos Tyrsenos Asies

For later variants see Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 27 f., schol. Plat. Tim. 25 B, Steph. Byz.
s.vv. 'AKfiovla, Aoiavros wedlov, ^ilavqawv.