Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

360 The Triumphal Arch

had its separate ianus on the line of its own pomoerium {ianus
Curiatius, minis Carmenialis, ianus Qnirinus), such iani being, not
gates in a fortified wall, but arches built outside to commemorate
events of communal importance and placed under the protection of
the communal god Ianus; ib) that the unified Servian state similarly
had its ianus, the porta triumphalis, on the enlarged pomoerial line
of the via Flaminia; and (c) that this famous portal was copied and
re-copied by communal arches far and wide through the dominions

Via 1:1

of imperial Rome. Now, without necessarily endorsing the precise
lineage traced by Frothingham, we must surely admit that in point
of shape the triumphal arch1 is indistinguishable from the arch of
Ianus; even the four-sided variety of the former2 can be paralleled
by the four-sided variety of the latter3; and, if the ianus Geminns
had side-windows (figs. 246—25 1), so on occasion had the triumphal
arch (fig. 252)4. Accordingly, I should conjecture5 that in its signifi-
cance too the areas resembled the ianus—-in short that it represented

1 See e.g. the restoration of Titus' Arch at Rome as given by P. Graef loc. cit. p. 1867
pi. 82 fig. 1969 after L. Canina Varchitettura romana Roma 1834 pi. 188.

2 P. Graef loc. cit. p. 1889 ff. fig. 1991 describes and illustrates the four-sided arch
erected at Oea in Tripolitana (Tripoli) by C. Calpurnius Celsus and dedicated by Ser.
Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, when proconsul of Africa in 162/3 or r^3/4 A.D., to
Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus (Corp. inscr. Lai. viii no. 24, cp. viii Suppl. no. 10999,
with Groag in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iv. 1508). Within the coffered arches the
monument is roofed with a low dome resting on an octagonal cornice.

3 P. Graef loc. cit. p. 1880 pi. 80 fig. 6 and pi. 81 fig. 8 gives a description, ground-
plan, and restored elevation of the so-called ianus Quadrifrons in the Forum Boarium at
Rome, which was probably erected by Septimius Severus. See further L. Rossini Gliarchi
trionfali onorarii e funebri degli antichi Romani Romae 1836 pi. 62, L. Canina Gli cdifizi
di Roma antica Romae 1848—1856 iv pi. 253 f., H.Jordan Topographie der Stadt Rom
im Alterthum Berlin 1885 i. 2. 470—472, H. Kiepert et C. Huelsen Formae urbis Romae
antiquae'1 Berolini 1912 p. 100.

4 Morell. Thes. Num. Imp. Rom. ii. 169 pi. 6, 1 from a 'first brass' of Galba, Cohen
Monn. emp. ro///.1 i. 245 no. 246 pi. 13 ( = my fig. 252), id.2 i. 341 no. 348 fig.

5 Race Durm Baukuust d. Rom.- p. 732 1 Der Form und nicht der Bedeutung nach
sind hier noch die eingangs envahnten Jani einzustellen," etc.