Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

408 Artemis and the Oak

mistaken modern addition. And he cleverly confirms the presence of the attributes and
the absence of the turrets by citing one of Raphael's painted pilasters in the Gallery of
the Vatican (G. Ottaviani [Le Loggie di Raffaello nel Vaticano Roma 176— ] no. vi C.
Savorelli pict., P. Camporesi delin. = my fig. 308), where by a curious coincidence the
great artist has made an oak-tree with acorns to emerge from behind the back of the
Ephesian goddess. Numismatic evidence proves that the missing attributes were two stags,
and makes it likely that the hands of the goddess were tethered by means of fillets (Hesych.
s.v. K\7]2des' ...Kal irapa 'E^einois rfjs 8eov ra arepL/xara. The notion that these lateral
appendages were solid supports called venta rests on Min. Fel. Oct. 22. 5 el Ephesia
matnmis multis et veribus (so cod. Par. verubus ed. princ. Romana ami. 1543) exstructa,
where however F. Ursinus, followed by many critics including C. Halm, cj. uberibus.
J. J. Scaliger's cj. tuberibus has met with less acceptance)—hardly bonds to prevent her
from quitting her temple (M. Collignon ap. F. Cumont in the Comptes rendus de VAcad,
des inscr. et belles-lettres 1915 p. 273 n. 4), but rather ties to bring the very ground into
magic connexion with her hands (cp. Ail. var. hist. 3. 26 6<lsp.iyyas, Plout. v. Sol. 12
KpoK7)v K\waT'i]i>, Loukian. Here. 3 aeipai Xeirrai xpva°v Kal rf^eKTpov elpyaap.iva.L, etc.).
The fillets are most clearly shown on silver coins struck at Ephesos by Claudius and
Agrippina (Morell. Thes. Num. Imp. Rom. ii. 17 pi-4, 23 f., Stevenson—Smith—Madden
Diet. Rom. Coins p. 324 f. fig., P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 78 pi. i5> 4 = my fig. 309,

Fig. 309. Fig. 310.

D. G. Hogarth Excavations at Ephesus London 190S p. 332 pi. 52, 4, Cohen Monn.
e?up. rom." i. 273 no. 1 fig.) or on coppers of Kadoi in Phrygia issued under the name of
Domitia (L. Holstenius op. cit. p. 10 fig., Brit. A/us. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 120 pi. 15, 2
= my fig. 310). And the general effect of the effigy is to be seen from a bronze coin of
Apameia struck by Gordian, on which Artemis Ephesia, with a small tetrastyle temple
on her head, fillets stretched from her hands to the ground, and a stag on either side

Fig. 311. Fig. 312. Fig. 313.

of her, appears in the midst of four river-gods Maiandros (MAI), Marsyas (SAM),
Therma(s? -ios?) (S30), and Orgas (SO) (Sir W. M. Ramsay The Cities and Bishoprics
of Phrygia Oxford 1897 ii. 398 f., 402 n. 2, 432 pi. 1, i=my fig. 311, Head Hist, nuni.2
p. 667 fig. 314, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. xxxixf.), or from a smaller bronze coin
of Neapolis in Samaria, struck by Faustina Iunior, on which the goddess has a head-dress