Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

444

Zetes and Kalais

princely twins, themselves surmounted by the same Dioscuric
device (figs. 349— 351)1.

Whether the dyarchy of the Phoenician sufetes'1 was similarly
related to a cult of Phoenician Twins, is a question more easily
asked than answered. In any case it need not here detain us.

(77) Zetes and Kalais.

Confining ourselves to the Greek area, we note that Kastor and
Polydeukes were not the only pair of Twins differentiated out of
the divine Sky. Boreas, the bifrontal3 wind-god of Thrace, whom
we have already compared with Zeus4, became by Oreithyia,
daughter of Erechtheus, the father of two winged sons, Zetes and
Kalais5. Their names were explained by the ancients as alluding
to foul and fair weather respectively: Zetes was rendered 'Very
Blow}', Blustery,' and Kalais, ' Fair-blowing6.' The former ety-
mology might indeed pass muster7, but the latter is impossible8.
Rather we should suppose that Kalais was the Thracian equivalent
of the Phrygian Kalaos, father of Attes9. Be that as it may,

1 Stevenson—Smith—Madden Diet. Rom. Coins p. 914 fig. ( = my fig. 349), Cohen
Monn. emp. rom. vi. 178 f. no. 7 pi. 4 ( = myfig. 351), ib.<i vii. 322 n. r, 330 f. nos. 15 fig.,
16 fig., 17—ai, 22 fig. Fig. 350 is from a specimen in my collection: V~LG=perctissum
Lugduni, or pecunia Liigdunensis. Cp. Rasche Lex. Num. iv. t888 'supra lupam duo
astra, fausti ominis ergo, vti Castor et Pollux repraesentare (sic) solent.'

- Liibker Pea/lex.8 p. 998. 3 Supra p. 380.

4 Supra i. 142 n. 10, ii. 444.

5 Simonid. frag. 3 Bergk4 ap. schol. Ap. Rhod. r. 211 f. and Eudok. viol. 1021, Ap.
Rhod. r. 211 f., Apollod. 3. 15. 2, Orph. Arg. 218 ff., Ov. met. 6. 702 ff., Hyg. fab. 14,
Serv. in Verg. Aen. 3. 209, 10. 350, Myth. Vat. 1. 26, 1. 27, 1. 204, 2. 142, cp. 3. 5. 5.

6 Et. Gild. p. 231, 40 ff. Ztjttjs, 6 vibs Boppd.. .rrapd to fa /cat to wvew, 6 /xe-ydXcos irviwv.
■fjTOL rrapd to a(pobpbv tov j3opeov /cat [ieya\orrvovv. vibs yap tov Boppd, et. mag. p. 411, 4 ff.
Zt^ttis- b vibs Boppd... ZarjTrjs, Trapa to fa /cat to arjTrjs, 6 fieyaXws rrviwv vibs yap eo~Ti tov
Boppd, schol. Find. Pyth. 4. 324 Tifjrav KdXa'tV re" oiovel ZiarjTyji', 6 eaTiv ayav aovTa /cat
irveovTa, /cat KdXa'tV olov /caXtDs ctocTa, Eustath. in Od. p. 1547, 15 f. 6 p,ev oiovei £077777?
0 ecrrt acpodpbs arjTrjs Boppds, 6 Se KaXbv rj clkoXov rjyovv rjcrvxov arjp.a Bopeov 8r)\aSf). Myth.
Vat. 2. 142, 3. 5. 6 derive absurdly from ^rjTu>v ko\6v. O. Schroeder in the Bcrl. philol.
Woch. Juli 9, 1898 p. 868 assumes connexion with f7?rew, which is disputed by Gruppe
Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 560 n. 5.

7 Gruppe loc. cit. finds a difficulty in the Doric Zdra? (Inscr. Gr. Sic. It. no. 1293 A
89 f. /cat Zctra^ /cat | KdXatp [utw] Bopia tov Qpaitcbs | /c.r. X.). But the crucial vowel is
uncertain (G. Kaibel in Inscr. Gr. Sic. It. loc. cit. prints Z-TAN P. Victorius read
ZATAN, Leo Allatius and F. Bianchini ZATAN, L. Stephani ...AN) and in any case
might be a hyperdorism. Boisacq Diet. itym. de la Langue Gr. p. 306 regards the
Homeric £ar)s as dissimilated from *^rjf)s (fa- 4- *aue- of drjp.i). It is tempting to connect
Hesych. fctet-... /cat irvti. K6rrpL0L with 7ir)Tf)p ' Zei)(s) ev Ki57rpai; but see infra Append. M.

8 Since the -a- of KdXat's could scarcely represent -ai]- !

!l Pans. 7. 17. 9. Cp. F. Bechtel Die historischen Personennamen des Griechischen bis
zur Kaiserzeit Halle a.d.S. 1917 p. 573. Note also Hesych. KaXXats- yhos idayev&v
(a passage to which Mr J. Whatmough drew my attention). We can hardly connect