DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0559
Apollon and Artemis
487
from the nearest tree.' Thus it may well be that neither the bay nor
the poplar1 was the tree sacred to Apollon throughout central and
northern Europe. In the Balkans the word for ' poplar' closely
resembles the word for 'apple2.' And Dr Rendel Harris has lately
been urging, with a great array of evidence and no little per-
suasiveness, that Apollon—incredible as it sounds—was both in
name and in nature an ' apple'-god3. He contends (if I follow
1 J. Hoops Waldbaume und Kulturpflanzen im germanischen Alterium Strassburg
1905 p. 230 f.: 'Die von Willkomm2 [2 Forstl. Flora"1 519 f. 530.] ausgesprochene Ver-
mutung, dass die Weiss- und Schwarzpappel dem ntirdlichen Mitteleuropa von Haus aus
fremd seien, wird durch das Fehlen prahistorischer Belege und den Mangel alteinheimischer
Namen fiir die beiden Baume im Keltischen, Germanischen und Slavischen bestatigt und
darf auf das gesamte nordalpine Europa ausgedehnt werden. Sie sind erst zur Romerzeit
oder im Lauf des Mittelalters aus Stideuropa eingefiihrt,' etc.
2 Cp. E. Berneker Slavisches etymologisches Worterbuch Heidelberg 1908—1913 i- 23
' skr. [ = serbischkroatisch] fablan m. [ = mittel] alt "Apfelbaum"; heute " Populus
pyramidalis" und " Pappelkraut, Malve." A Serbian friend of mine, Mr A. Slavko
Jonke, writes : 'When I was a boy, living in Croatia, I used to call the poplar-tree jdblan.
But, when I went to live for four years among the Slovenians of Gorizia, Ljubljana, and
Trsat, I found to my surprise that they called the apple-tree jdbelna.'
3 J. Rendel Harris The Origin of the Cult of Apollo (extr. from the Bulletin of the
John Rylands Library Manchester January to March 1916) Manchester 1916 p. 21 ft.
= id. The Ascent of Olympus Manchester 1917 p. 36 ff. relies on data which might be
expanded as follows :
(t) The cult of Apollon MaXedras at Trikke in Thessaly (M. Frankel in the Inscr.
Gr. Pelop. i no. 950 C, 27ft". = P. Cavvadias Fouilles rz"Epidaure Athenes 1893 i. 34 ff.
no. 7, 27 ff. cited infra Append. L sub fin.), at Epidauros (Paus. 2. 27. 7 temple of
Apollon MaXedras on Mt Kynortion, cp. M. Frankel in the Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 925,
21 f. [7rp]o£e[V]o[ii]s elfxev k[cu] #e[apo]ooVo[us tov 'AttoWojvos] \ tov [M]a[X]edra ica[i r]oi>
'AaKKairiov, no. 931, 2 f. ev 'Fiiri5l[avpoii ev tov 'AttoXXowos tov Ma] Xedra Kal rod 'A<r[/cAa7rioD
ieptDt], no. 932, 51 f- £v T&>1 'LePtC | T°C ' AttoXXuivos tov MaXedra Kal tov 'A<x/cXa7rioO, no. 944,
1 7 f. ev tQl iepwi tov 'A-TroXXawos tov MaXe[d]jra Kal tov ' Ao~KXawiov, no. 950, 2 ' AttoXXwvi
MaXedrcu Kal 'AffK\a.Triwi, 27 ff. cited infra Append. L sub fin., no. 956, 3 ff. 'Att6\\\wvi
MaXedra Kal j ~ZwTTjpi''A<jK\awLi2 \ /car' oVap, no. ion, 2 f. ['A7r6XXco] vl MaXedra k\oX
''Aak\7]tt-Lip 'Zurrjpi'], no. 1016, 1 ff. 'AttoXXwvi j MaXedra | ^wrijpi | 6 iepevs | At,oyevris an
inscription of 297 A.D., no. 1079, 1 ff. ''Aw6XX[wvos] ] Ma[Xe]d[r]a. | KeXaSos KeXddov
Trvpo(po\prjo-as with later addition of Kal Ovpavlas, on which see Frankel adloc, no. 1 179, 1
'AttoXXlovi Ma[Xedra Kal Acr/cX^TTiy], no. 11851$, 2 [Ma]Xed[r-], no. 1536, 1 ff- 'E7ra0p6-
Setros Ae\ii)vt8ov, iepa7roXr/|<Tas , AttoXXwvi MajXedra to Me' eros (= 168 A.D.), | Tvxais,
no. 1539, 1 ff- 6 lepevs tov | MaXedra 'Att6\\\ii}vos Kal dewv \ 'A^oaicov 5id /3iov, \ Av^ata,
llocri 'ouvios, eVovs | prrS' ( = 307 A.D.)), at Sparta (Paus. 3. 12. 8 AaKedaifiovloiS de fori
/xev ' AwoXXwvos 'A/cptra flu/aos, 2o~ti 5' eirovop.a'^op.evoi' YaarjirTov (R. Porson cj. YdaeirTov)
iepbv Tfjs' 'A7t6XXcoj' 8e virep adro ISpvrai MaXedras). Cp. the association of MaXedras
with Apollon at Athens (Corp. inscr. At/, ii. 3 no. 1651, 1 ff. = Michel Rectteil d'Inscr. gr.
no. 672, 1 ff. = Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.'1 no. 631, 1 ff. =: Roberts—Gardner Gr. Epigr.
ii. 379 no. 133, 1 ff. deoi. I /card rd5e Trpo6ve<j6a\i ' MaXedr^t irbivava rp'ia' ' AttoXXwvi
■wbirava r\pia' 'Ep/xf? iroirava rpija- k.t. X. an inscription from the sanctuary of Asklepios
in the Peiraieus) and dedications to MaXedras from Prasiai in Lakonike (Inscr. Gr. Arc.
Lac. Mess, i no. 927 Xdp;X(X)os aveQy]Ke ruk MaXedrai on the base of a bronze statuette of
a warrior, no. 929 MaXedra j MaXe'ai? on the sides of a small bronze ram, no. 929 c
'A7r6XXw|vos MajXedr(a) on stone). As to the significance of this title, Isyllos (Inscr. Gr.
*
487
from the nearest tree.' Thus it may well be that neither the bay nor
the poplar1 was the tree sacred to Apollon throughout central and
northern Europe. In the Balkans the word for ' poplar' closely
resembles the word for 'apple2.' And Dr Rendel Harris has lately
been urging, with a great array of evidence and no little per-
suasiveness, that Apollon—incredible as it sounds—was both in
name and in nature an ' apple'-god3. He contends (if I follow
1 J. Hoops Waldbaume und Kulturpflanzen im germanischen Alterium Strassburg
1905 p. 230 f.: 'Die von Willkomm2 [2 Forstl. Flora"1 519 f. 530.] ausgesprochene Ver-
mutung, dass die Weiss- und Schwarzpappel dem ntirdlichen Mitteleuropa von Haus aus
fremd seien, wird durch das Fehlen prahistorischer Belege und den Mangel alteinheimischer
Namen fiir die beiden Baume im Keltischen, Germanischen und Slavischen bestatigt und
darf auf das gesamte nordalpine Europa ausgedehnt werden. Sie sind erst zur Romerzeit
oder im Lauf des Mittelalters aus Stideuropa eingefiihrt,' etc.
2 Cp. E. Berneker Slavisches etymologisches Worterbuch Heidelberg 1908—1913 i- 23
' skr. [ = serbischkroatisch] fablan m. [ = mittel] alt "Apfelbaum"; heute " Populus
pyramidalis" und " Pappelkraut, Malve." A Serbian friend of mine, Mr A. Slavko
Jonke, writes : 'When I was a boy, living in Croatia, I used to call the poplar-tree jdblan.
But, when I went to live for four years among the Slovenians of Gorizia, Ljubljana, and
Trsat, I found to my surprise that they called the apple-tree jdbelna.'
3 J. Rendel Harris The Origin of the Cult of Apollo (extr. from the Bulletin of the
John Rylands Library Manchester January to March 1916) Manchester 1916 p. 21 ft.
= id. The Ascent of Olympus Manchester 1917 p. 36 ff. relies on data which might be
expanded as follows :
(t) The cult of Apollon MaXedras at Trikke in Thessaly (M. Frankel in the Inscr.
Gr. Pelop. i no. 950 C, 27ft". = P. Cavvadias Fouilles rz"Epidaure Athenes 1893 i. 34 ff.
no. 7, 27 ff. cited infra Append. L sub fin.), at Epidauros (Paus. 2. 27. 7 temple of
Apollon MaXedras on Mt Kynortion, cp. M. Frankel in the Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 925,
21 f. [7rp]o£e[V]o[ii]s elfxev k[cu] #e[apo]ooVo[us tov 'AttoWojvos] \ tov [M]a[X]edra ica[i r]oi>
'AaKKairiov, no. 931, 2 f. ev 'Fiiri5l[avpoii ev tov 'AttoXXowos tov Ma] Xedra Kal rod 'A<r[/cAa7rioD
ieptDt], no. 932, 51 f- £v T&>1 'LePtC | T°C ' AttoXXuivos tov MaXedra Kal tov 'A<x/cXa7rioO, no. 944,
1 7 f. ev tQl iepwi tov 'A-TroXXawos tov MaXe[d]jra Kal tov ' Ao~KXawiov, no. 950, 2 ' AttoXXwvi
MaXedrcu Kal 'AffK\a.Triwi, 27 ff. cited infra Append. L sub fin., no. 956, 3 ff. 'Att6\\\wvi
MaXedra Kal j ~ZwTTjpi''A<jK\awLi2 \ /car' oVap, no. ion, 2 f. ['A7r6XXco] vl MaXedra k\oX
''Aak\7]tt-Lip 'Zurrjpi'], no. 1016, 1 ff. 'AttoXXwvi j MaXedra | ^wrijpi | 6 iepevs | At,oyevris an
inscription of 297 A.D., no. 1079, 1 ff. ''Aw6XX[wvos] ] Ma[Xe]d[r]a. | KeXaSos KeXddov
Trvpo(po\prjo-as with later addition of Kal Ovpavlas, on which see Frankel adloc, no. 1 179, 1
'AttoXXlovi Ma[Xedra Kal Acr/cX^TTiy], no. 11851$, 2 [Ma]Xed[r-], no. 1536, 1 ff- 'E7ra0p6-
Setros Ae\ii)vt8ov, iepa7roXr/|<Tas , AttoXXwvi MajXedra to Me' eros (= 168 A.D.), | Tvxais,
no. 1539, 1 ff- 6 lepevs tov | MaXedra 'Att6\\\ii}vos Kal dewv \ 'A^oaicov 5id /3iov, \ Av^ata,
llocri 'ouvios, eVovs | prrS' ( = 307 A.D.)), at Sparta (Paus. 3. 12. 8 AaKedaifiovloiS de fori
/xev ' AwoXXwvos 'A/cptra flu/aos, 2o~ti 5' eirovop.a'^op.evoi' YaarjirTov (R. Porson cj. YdaeirTov)
iepbv Tfjs' 'A7t6XXcoj' 8e virep adro ISpvrai MaXedras). Cp. the association of MaXedras
with Apollon at Athens (Corp. inscr. At/, ii. 3 no. 1651, 1 ff. = Michel Rectteil d'Inscr. gr.
no. 672, 1 ff. = Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.'1 no. 631, 1 ff. =: Roberts—Gardner Gr. Epigr.
ii. 379 no. 133, 1 ff. deoi. I /card rd5e Trpo6ve<j6a\i ' MaXedr^t irbivava rp'ia' ' AttoXXwvi
■wbirava r\pia' 'Ep/xf? iroirava rpija- k.t. X. an inscription from the sanctuary of Asklepios
in the Peiraieus) and dedications to MaXedras from Prasiai in Lakonike (Inscr. Gr. Arc.
Lac. Mess, i no. 927 Xdp;X(X)os aveQy]Ke ruk MaXedrai on the base of a bronze statuette of
a warrior, no. 929 MaXedra j MaXe'ai? on the sides of a small bronze ram, no. 929 c
'A7r6XXw|vos MajXedr(a) on stone). As to the significance of this title, Isyllos (Inscr. Gr.
*