Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

The deity of the double axe 553

1

agrees in the main with the description of him given by Sanchou-

niathon1, whose words are thus rendered by Philon of Byblos2:

' Moreover, he (sc. the god Taautos, i.e. Thoth) devised a mark of royalty for
Kronos, four eyes in front and behind, < two of them wide awake > and two
quietly closing, and four wings on his shoulders, two of them as it were spread
for flight, and two as it were drooped. This symbolised the fact that Kronos
saw while he slept and slept while he waked ; and likewise with his wings, that
he flew while he rested and rested while he flew. To each of the other gods he
assigned two wings upon the shoulders, on the ground that they shared in the
flight of Kronos. Again, he gave Kronos two feathers on the head, one for the
sovereignty of mind and one for sense-perception.'

The same four-winged deity appears in quasi-Assyrian garb as the
central medallion of a silver-gilt bowl of s. vii (?) B.C., found by

Fig. 429. Fig. 431. Fig. 432. Fig. 430.

L. P. di Cesnola at Kourion in Kypros and now in the Metropolitan
Museum of Art at New York3. The god, armed with a short
sword, is stabbing a lion—a type which recurs on a silver bowl
from Idalion now in the Louvre4—, and about him hover two
Egyptising hawks.

The double axe of the ' Minoan ' Kronos is combined with the
Jidrpe of the post-' Minoan' Kronos on certain coppers of Ake
('Akka, St Jean d" Acre) or Ptolemais in Phoinike discussed by
G. F. Hill (figs. 431, 432)5. These show a god standing in an aedi-

id. M07i1i.gr. p. 442 nos. 13 and 13 bis Antiochos iv, no. 14 Antiochos v, Brit. Mus.
Cat. Coins Phoenicia pp. lxiii f., lxix, 97 pi. 12, 5 and 98 pi. 12, 8 autonomous, 99
Augustus, Head Hist, num? p. 791. See further A. Judas in the Rev. Num. ii Serie
1856 i. 395 pi. 13, 7 autonomous (=my fig. 430), cp. ib. p. 394 pi. 13, 5 (countermark).

1 Supra i. 191.

2 Philon ¥>yb\. frag. 2 [Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 569 Miiller) ap. Euseb. praep. ev. 1. 10. 36 f.
The context in general is discussed by Gruppe Cult. Myth, orient. Rel. i. 347 ff., and the
treatment of Kronos in particular by M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1498 ff., cp.
W. W. Baudissin Adonis und Esmun Leipzig 1911 p. 297 f.

■' L. P. di Cesnola Cyprus London 1877 p. 329 fig., G. Colonna-Ceccaldi Monuments
antiques de Chypre de Syrie et d'Egypte Paris 1882 p. 166 ff. pi. 10, Perrot—Chipiez Hist,
de V Art iii. 787 ff. fig. 552, J. L. Myres Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of Antiquities
from Cyprus New York 1914 p. 461 no. 4554 fig.

4 Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de VArt iii. 778 ff. fig. 548.

5 G. F. Hill 'Some Graeco-Phoenician Shrines' in the fourn. Hell. Stud. 1911 xxxi.
63 f. pi. 4, 32 and 34, id. in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phoenicia p. 135 pi. 17, 5