DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0629
The deity of the double axe 555
the rock, but no temple. J. Toutain ' Le sanctuaire de Saturnus Balcaranensis' in the
Melanges d'archeologie et d'histoire 1892 xii. 1—124 figs. 1—3 pis. 1—4 (F. Cumont in
Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 2822 f., M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. i50of.) has
published the finds made on this interesting site. They include some 60 terra-cotta lamps,
a cylindrical jar containing bones of birds (probably doves), a few other vases, some small
copper coins, and no less than 365 votive inscriptions (a selection in Dessau Inscr. Lat.
sel. nos. 4444a—4445)> many of them accompanied by reliefs {e.g. pi. 1, 2 = my fig. 433,
pi. 1, 4 = my fig. 434, pi. 1, 6 = my fig. 435). The dedication takes various forms : Saturno
Augtisto sacru?n or Saturno Domi7io or Saturno Sancto. And frequently the local epithet
is added : Saturno Augusto Balcaranensi, Saturno Balcaranensi Augusto, Saturno Domino
Balcaranensi Augusto; sacerdos dei magni Balcaranensis. M. Mayer loc. cit. observes
that the god is always represented as a mere bust in a pediment, flanked by his bill-hook
and patera, with Sol and Luna in the spandrels, and ingeniously suggests that he is an
anthropomorphised baitylos. The 'Two Horns' recall the Egyptian hieroglyph of a desert
Fig- 433-
mountain (F. LI. Griffith A Collection oj Hieroglyphs London 1898 p. 31 col. pi. 3, 38),
in which P. E. Newberry 'Two Cults of the Old Kingdom' in the Ann. Arch. Anthr.
1908 i. 24 ff. figs. 1—15 finds the prototype of the 'Minoan' ritual horns. He has argued
his case well; but I adhere to my view that the ' Minoan' horns were originally bovine.
An island in the Ionian Gulf was known as Kpovla and gave its name to the Kpovia
ddXaaaa (Eustath. in Dionys. per. 32, cp. Ap. Rhod. 4. 327). Italy as a whole was sacred
to Kronos—x&P01 ^ ttoXXoI tov Saifxovos iv-divv/Aoi, /ecu fMaXicrra 01 UKoireKoL /ecu ret /xerewpa
(Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. r. 34). For the identification of Kronos with Saturn and its results
on Italian soil see G. Wissowa in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 432 ff.
Sicily too had its KpovLov (Diod. 15. 16, Polyain. 5. 10. 5). The most noteworthy link
between this island and Kronos is, however, the tradition that, not merely the god's sickle
{supra p. 448 n. o), but the god himself lay buried here (Philochoros frag. 184 {Frag,
hist. Gr. i. 414 Muller) ap. Clem. Al. protr. 2. 30. 3 p. 22, 14 ff. Stiihlin <&i\6xopos 5e iv
T-qvtg llocreidwvd <pr)ai Ti/xaadai iarpbv, Kpofy 5k i-iriKeiadcu 2i/ceXi'at' /cat ivravda avrbv
Teda<pdai, Arnob. adv. nat. 4. 25 noster ille est auctor, qui Patrocles Thurius {Trag. Gr.
the rock, but no temple. J. Toutain ' Le sanctuaire de Saturnus Balcaranensis' in the
Melanges d'archeologie et d'histoire 1892 xii. 1—124 figs. 1—3 pis. 1—4 (F. Cumont in
Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 2822 f., M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. i50of.) has
published the finds made on this interesting site. They include some 60 terra-cotta lamps,
a cylindrical jar containing bones of birds (probably doves), a few other vases, some small
copper coins, and no less than 365 votive inscriptions (a selection in Dessau Inscr. Lat.
sel. nos. 4444a—4445)> many of them accompanied by reliefs {e.g. pi. 1, 2 = my fig. 433,
pi. 1, 4 = my fig. 434, pi. 1, 6 = my fig. 435). The dedication takes various forms : Saturno
Augtisto sacru?n or Saturno Domi7io or Saturno Sancto. And frequently the local epithet
is added : Saturno Augusto Balcaranensi, Saturno Balcaranensi Augusto, Saturno Domino
Balcaranensi Augusto; sacerdos dei magni Balcaranensis. M. Mayer loc. cit. observes
that the god is always represented as a mere bust in a pediment, flanked by his bill-hook
and patera, with Sol and Luna in the spandrels, and ingeniously suggests that he is an
anthropomorphised baitylos. The 'Two Horns' recall the Egyptian hieroglyph of a desert
Fig- 433-
mountain (F. LI. Griffith A Collection oj Hieroglyphs London 1898 p. 31 col. pi. 3, 38),
in which P. E. Newberry 'Two Cults of the Old Kingdom' in the Ann. Arch. Anthr.
1908 i. 24 ff. figs. 1—15 finds the prototype of the 'Minoan' ritual horns. He has argued
his case well; but I adhere to my view that the ' Minoan' horns were originally bovine.
An island in the Ionian Gulf was known as Kpovla and gave its name to the Kpovia
ddXaaaa (Eustath. in Dionys. per. 32, cp. Ap. Rhod. 4. 327). Italy as a whole was sacred
to Kronos—x&P01 ^ ttoXXoI tov Saifxovos iv-divv/Aoi, /ecu fMaXicrra 01 UKoireKoL /ecu ret /xerewpa
(Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. r. 34). For the identification of Kronos with Saturn and its results
on Italian soil see G. Wissowa in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 432 ff.
Sicily too had its KpovLov (Diod. 15. 16, Polyain. 5. 10. 5). The most noteworthy link
between this island and Kronos is, however, the tradition that, not merely the god's sickle
{supra p. 448 n. o), but the god himself lay buried here (Philochoros frag. 184 {Frag,
hist. Gr. i. 414 Muller) ap. Clem. Al. protr. 2. 30. 3 p. 22, 14 ff. Stiihlin <&i\6xopos 5e iv
T-qvtg llocreidwvd <pr)ai Ti/xaadai iarpbv, Kpofy 5k i-iriKeiadcu 2i/ceXi'at' /cat ivravda avrbv
Teda<pdai, Arnob. adv. nat. 4. 25 noster ille est auctor, qui Patrocles Thurius {Trag. Gr.