Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

The double axe and Zeus Labrdyndos 573

Euromos1 and Stratonikeia2. At Mylasa the handle of the labrys is
encircled by a bay-wreath (fig. 472)3; at Euromos the whole axe is
similarly treated4. At Aphrodisias (fig. 473)5 and at Herakleia Sal-
bake it is bound with a fillet6. Again, at Aphrodisias it has two
filleted palm-branches laid across its handle (fig. 474)1. That the axe
thus characterised as a sacred object was in Hellenic times associated

Fig. 470. Fig. 471. Fig. 472. Fig. 473. Fig. 474.

with Zeus appears, not only from a unique bronze coin of Plarasa
(s. iii or ii B.C.), which has on the one side a head of Zeus long-haired
and laureate, on the other an eagle standing on a double axe8, but
also from numerous Carian issues, which show the god grasping his
traditional weapon. On silver pieces struck by the satraps Heka-
tomnos (395—377 B.C.)9, Maussollos (377—353 B.C.)10, Idrieus (351 —

HvWiov in Kibyratis rather than that from SJXXvos in Pamphylia : ' Uas Doppelbeil ist
weder als pamphylisches noch als pisidisches Munzbild bekannt.'

1 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 99 pi. 17, 5 of s. i B.C.

2 Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr. p. 315 no. 79, id. Kleinas. Miinzen i. 153 no. 8 n. with
magistrate's name 'ApLcrreas.

3 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 129 pi. 21, 17 of imperial times, with obv. trotting
horse. I figure an example in the Leake collection (W. M. Leake Numismata Hellenica
Suppl. London 1859 Asia p. 70).

4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 99 pi. 17, 3 early in s. ii B.C., with obv. head of
Zeus, laureate, Head Hist, num.2 p. 617.

5 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 38 no. 84 of imperial times, with obv. humped
bull lowering its head; p. 39 pi. 7, 2 ( = my fig. 473) Augustus.

6 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 116 pi. 19, 10 of imperial times, with obv. a
cornu copiae containing bunches of grapes etc., between two corn-ears, Imhoof-Blumer
Kleinas. Miinzen i. 132 no. 3, Head Hist, num.2 p. 620.

7 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 28 pi. 5, 10 ( = my fig. 474) of s. i B.C., with
obv. head of Aphrodite wearing wreath, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 420 no. 1, Imhoof-Blumer
Monn. gr. p. 305 no. 19, Head Hist, num.2 p. 609.

8 Imhoof-Blumer Gr. Miinzen p. 139 no. 412.

9 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 180 pi. 28, 1, Babelon Monn.gr. rom. ii. 2.
141 f. pi. 89, 15 (cp. ib. 141 f. pi. 89, 16) silver tetradrachms, with rev. EKATOM lion
standing to right; F. Imhoof-Blumer ' Zur griechischen und romischen Mtinzkunde' in
the Revue Suisse de Numismatique 1908 pi. 5, 17 silver tetradrachm, rev. Persian king
standing, drawing bow. Head Hist, mem.2 p. 629.

10 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc. p. 181 pi. 28, 2 and 3 (=my fig. 475)1 Hunter
Cat. Coins ii. 430 pi. 54, 15, Babelon op. cit. ii. 2. 147 ff. pi. 90, 2—6 silver tetradrachms,
with obv. head of Apollon facing, laureate; Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Caria, etc., p. 182
pi. 28, 4, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 430 no. 3 f., Babelon op. cit. ii. 2. 149 f. pi. 90, 7 silver
drachms, with similar types. Head Hist, num.2 p. 629.