Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

666 The double axes of Tenedos

astrology1 was serious enough,—it even lingered on into the middle

ages2, and has left traces of itself in modern folk-lore3. The

have this crustacean as their constant device (Waddington—Babelon—Reinach Monn.
gr. d'1 As. Min. i. 266 pi. 41, 1—6, Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 2. 1489 ff. pi. 181, 1—6).
Yet it hardly follows that Astakos in Bithynia, or for that matter Astakos in Akarnania,
really drew its name from the lobster. A. Fick Vorgriechische Ortsnamen Gtittingen 1905
pp. 85 f., 135 refers these place-names to the Leleges.

1 On Cancer, 'the Crab,' as a sign of the zodiac {supra i. 66, 235 n. 2, 759 nn. 2, 6)
see A. Boucbe-Leclercq L'astrologie grecque Paris 1899 pp. 136—138 fig. 6 and Index
p- 633, Haebler in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii. 1459 ^' A. Jeremias Handbuch der
altorientalischen Geisteskultur Leipzig 1913 p. in, alib., id. in Roscher Lex. Alyth. iv.
1451 f., F. Cumont in Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. v. 10461!. s.v. 'zodiacus'passim.

2 Witness the story of Prodromos and the demons of the desert in F. Pradel Griechische
und siiditalienische Gebete, Beschwdrungen und Rezepte des Mittelalters Giessen 1907
p. 36, 27 ff. 'E£op/aa rov Ka(3ovpr) [' Crab,' cp. ib. p. 76]. 'fls vrrr)yev 6 ripLios Ilpb5pop.os
iv rrj ipr)/LL(xi Kal evpe ev rrj bSip avrov xikiovs pLvpiovs dvdpas Kal yvvcuKas, (ipifpV dvapid p.r/ra,
aXXot drrb Kafiovpiov, aXXot drrb ru>v o/3 r\p.io~v ifiyao~i< p.drwv > • Idibv Kal i(po(3r)9r} Kal els
rd oTTiaw iarpdcpij Kal diravr-qcre avrov 6 Kvpios i)p.d>v 'Irjaovs Xpioros Kal VTrepwrrjcrev avrov'
ttov VTrdyets, rip.ie Ylp68pop.e; Kvpie p:ov, iyio vrrdyaLva iv rrj ipr/pup Kal rpjpa iv rrj 65cj /j.ov
pLvpiovs XiXtous dvdpas Kal yvvatKas, fipi<$>r) dvapidp.-qra, dWov drrb Kafiovpiov, &\\ov and rQv
ojj rjpuffv ifiyao~ip\drwv, Kal ISwv avrovs iarpd<pi) [/eg. io~rpd<pr]v] eis t& orriffu. "Tnaye, rip.ie
UpoSpope, Kal b'pKiaov avra rd vo(sr)p.ara els rov Kvpiov i)pu>v 'Irjaovv Xpicrbv Kal els rrjv

vrrepayiav deoroKov, vd ipvxy, vd p.apadrj rd rov dovXov rov......els iibup rroir)o~e r)p.ipas y . . k

Kardpptxe rd \dx<av>a Kal dp.Tr < eXovs >. Id. ib. p. 92 n. 4 ' Kaj3ovpL Krebs. Augen-
scheinlich haben wir dasselbe Wort, nur das Tier bezeichnend, in dem hssl. Kafiovpovs bei
Nicol. Myreps. 516 b. Fuchs andert es in Kapdfiovs. Vgl. 524 c.' [Nikolaos Myrepsos
(end of s. xiii a.d.) dispensatorium medicum trans. L. Fuchs Francofurti 1626 p. 149
§ 304 carabuream (' codex manuscriptus habet Kapaflovpeav ').] See further F. Boll in the
Archiv f. Rel. 1909 xii. 149 f., who cites Hesych. Kapw' Xap.ia (Rohde Psychez ii. 410)
and Corp. inscr. Att. App. defix. p. xxxi n. i = D. Bassi—E. Martini Catalogns codicum
astrologicorum Graecorum Brussels 1903 iv. 132 a lecanomantic prescription from a
manuscript at Naples (cod. Neapol. ii c. 33, fol. 233) ol 5aip.oves rov p.eydXov "Aidov...
KapKivdp Kal i) yovr) (yevrj cod. Bassi—Martini cjj. yivva Wiinsch cj. yovr)) avrov 'Ovoa-
KeXls, rjs (ovoffKeXlSa eis cod.) to 8vop.a 1.epipap.r)X, k.t.X. O. Kern in Pauly—Wissowa
Real-Enc. x. 1951 justly observes: 'Erst bei der Annahme dieser Gespenster versteht
man ganz den Witz des Aristophanes in den Wolken v. 1260 f.: ris ovroai wot' iaQ^ 6
dprjvuv; oxjtl ttov tCov KapKivov ris 8at|x6vwv i(p9ey£aro.''

3 B. .Schmidt Griechische Mdrchen, Sagen und Volkslieder Leipzig 1877 p. 83 ff. no. 9
(' Prinz Krebs') tells a Zakynthian tale in which the hero married to the king's daughter
is a golden crab by day, but a prince by night, with power to change into an eagle at his
pleasure. The story is a variant of the Beast-bridegroom formula, on which see e.g.
J. Bolte—G. PoHvka Anmerkimgen zu den Kinder- 21. Hausmarchen der Briider Grimm
Leipzig 1915 ii. 234 ff., especially p. 255.

Fig. 604.

Fig. 605.