Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Gradual elimination of the thunderbolt 741

that the statue in question was made before the loss of Aigina's
independence in 458 B.C. And there is much to be said for E.
Babelon's1 conjecture that it furnished the reverse design of certain
rare Olympian statcres (figs. 670—672) referred by C. T. Seltman2
to the periods c. 471—c. 452 and c. 452—c. 432 B.C. respectively3.

The statue of Zeus Ithomatas, which Hageladas made for the
Messenians of Naupaktos4, presumably not before 455 B.C.5, seems
to have perpetuated the type of the striding antagonist. For silver
coins of Messene struck c. 369—330 (fig. 673)6 and c. 330—280 B.C.

1 Bahelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. i. 885 ff. no. 1254 pi. 39, 1 (Berlin) = my fig. 672,
no. 1255 pi. 39, 2 (Paris).

2 C. T. Seltman 'The Temple Coins of Olympia' in Nomisma 1913 viii. 24, 35 f.
no. 37 pi. 2, ABat (Paris), 41 ff. no. 72 pL 3, AP/37 (Weber), no. 73 pi. 3, AQPy (Berlin).
Mr Seltman is certainly right in regarding the reverse type of no. 72 f. as a ' restitution' of
no. 37. I figuie the Paris and McClean specimens of the earlier coin and the Berlin specimen
of the later. The legend \A 0>i I iVW/AO is for'OXw ttlkQiv (dyujvuv) or (ad\tov) : see

A. Lambropoulos in the Zeitschr. f. ATum. 1895 xix. 210, E. Babelon loc. cit. p. 893, and
C. T. Seltman loc. cit. p. 41.

3 Similar to the work of Aristonous in all probability was the image of Zeus, seven
cubits high, holding an eagle in one hand, a thunderbolt in the other, dedicated at Olympia
by the Leontines Hippagoras, Phrynon, and Ainesidemos (Paus. 5. 22. 7 with Sir J. G.

Frazer ad loc). If Olympia v. 735 f. no. 838 AIH[---] is really part of its base, we

must refer the image to the archaic period.

4 Paus. 4. 33. 2 to Se dyaK/na rod Aids 'Aye\dda ixiv iariv 'ipyov, eiroirjdri 8e e£ dpxys
tois oiK-^craaiv ev NavirdKTu Meaarjviow. iepevs 8e aiperbs Kara 'iros eKaarov ixeL T0 aya\fj.a
eirl tt)s oiKLas (Clavier cj. iv rrj oULa, cp. Paus. 3. 13. 3). dyovai 5£ Kal eoprrjv iirereLov
'lduip-ata (Nilsson Gr. Feste p. 32)' to 8e apxa-lov koX ayuiva irLdeaav fxovcnKqs. k.t.\.
Supra i. 121 f., infra Append. B Messene.

0 In 455 B.C. the Messenians besieged by the Lacedaemonians on Mt Ithome quitted
their stronghold and settled at Naupaktos, a town given them by the Athenians, who had
wrested it from the Ozolian Locrians (Paus. 4. 24. 6f.). These Messenians doubtless
commissioned Hageladas to make a statue of Zeus Ithomatas, to whose protection they
were so deeply indebted, and brought it with them on their ultimate return to Messene,
the new city founded by Epameinondas in 369 B.C. (E. Pfuhl in Pauly—Wissowa Real-
Eiic. vii. 2193).

6 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Peloponnesus p. 109 pi. 22, 1 (= my fig. 673), Head Coins of
the Ancients p. 46 pi. 23, 35, id. Hist, num.2 p. 431 fig. 236, P. Gardner Types of Gk.
Coins pp. 156, 159 pi. 8, 25, Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner Num. Comm. Paus. ii. 67 f.

Fig. 670.

Fig. 671.

Fig. 672.

pi. P, 4-